JavaScript是运行在客户端的脚本,因此一般是不能够设置Session的,因为Session是运行在服务器端的。
而cookie是运行在客户端的,所以可以用JS来设置cookie.
假设有这样一种情况,在某个用例流程中,由A页面跳至B页面,若在A页面中采用JS用变量temp保存了某一变量的值,在B页面的时候,同样需要使用JS
来引用temp的变量值,对于JS中的全局变量或者静态变量的生命周期是有限的,当发生页面跳转或者页面关闭的时候,这些变量的值会重新载入,即没有达到
保存的效果。解决这个问题的最好的方案是采用cookie来保存该变量的值,那么如何来设置和读取cookie呢?
首先需要稍微了解一下cookie的结构,简单地说:cookie是以键值对的形式保存的,即key=value的格式。各个cookie之间一般是以“;”分隔。
JS设置cookie:
假设在A页面中要保存变量username的值("jack")到cookie中,key值为name,则相应的JS代码为:
document.cookie="name="+username;
JS读取cookie:
假设cookie中存储的内容为:name=jack;password=123
则在B页面中获取变量username的值的JS代码如下:
var username=document.cookie.split(";")[0].split("=")[1];
//JS操作cookies方法!
//写cookies
function setCookie(name,value)
{
var Days = 30;
var exp = new Date();
exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + Days*24*60*60*1000);
document.cookie = name + "="+ escape (value) + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString();
var strsec = getsec(time);
var exp = new Date();
exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + strsec*1);
document.cookie = name + "="+ escape (value) + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString();
}
//读取cookies
function getCookie(name)
{
var arr,reg=new RegExp("(^| )"+name+"=([^;]*)(;|$)");
if(arr=document.cookie.match(reg))
return (arr[2]);
else
return null;
}
//删除cookies
function delCookie(name)
{
var exp = new Date();
exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1);
var cval=getCookie(name);
if(cval!=null)
document.cookie= name + "="+cval+";expires="+exp.toGMTString();
}
//使用示例
setCookie("name","hayden");
alert(getCookie("name"));
//如果需要设定自定义过期时间
//那么把上面的setCookie 函数换成下面两个函数就ok;
//程序代码
function setCookie(name,value,time)
{
var strsec = getsec(time);
var exp = new Date();
exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + strsec*1);
document.cookie = name + "="+ escape (value) + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString();
}
function getsec(str)
{
alert(str);
var str1=str.substring(1,str.length)*1;
var str2=str.substring(0,1);
if (str2=="s")
{
return str1*1000;
}
else if (str2=="h")
{
return str1*60*60*1000;
}
else if (str2=="d")
{
return str1*24*60*60*1000;
}
}
//这是有设定过期时间的使用示例:
//s20是代表20秒
//h是指小时,如12小时则是:h12
//d是天数,30天则:d30
setCookie("name","hayden","s20");//在谷歌浏览器中需要在服务器中才能响应
将cookie值存到响应域名中的方法如下:
<script>
String.prototype.trim = function(){ return Trim(this);};
function LTrim(str)
{
var i;
for(i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{
if(str.charAt(i)!=" "&&str.charAt(i)!=" ")break;
}
str=str.substring(i,str.length);
return str;
}
function RTrim(str)
{
var i;
for(i=str.length-1;i>=0;i--)
{
if(str.charAt(i)!=" "&&str.charAt(i)!=" ")break;
}
str=str.substring(0,i+1);
return str;
}
function Trim(str)
{
return LTrim(RTrim(str));
}
function cookie(name, value, options) {
if (typeof value != 'undefined') { // name and value given, set cookie
options = options || {};
if (value === null) {
value = '';
options.expires = -1;
}
var expires = '';
if (options.expires && (typeof options.expires == 'number' || options.expires.toUTCString)) {
var date;
if (typeof options.expires == 'number') {
date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (options.expires * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
} else {
date = options.expires;
}
expires = '; expires=' + date.toUTCString();
}
var path = options.path ? '; path=' + (options.path) : '';
var domain = options.domain ? '; domain=' + (options.domain) : '';
var secure = options.secure ? '; secure' : '';
document.cookie = [name, '=', encodeURIComponent(value), expires, path, domain, secure].join('');
} else {
var cookieValue = null;
if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
var cookie = (cookies[i]).trim();
if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
break;
}
}
}
return cookieValue;
}
};
window.onload = function(){
cookie('ddd','12345666666',{expires: 7, path: '/', domain: 'jquery.com', secure: true});
alert(cookie('ddd'));
}
</script>
String.prototype.trim = function(){ return Trim(this);};
function LTrim(str)
{
var i;
for(i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{
if(str.charAt(i)!=" "&&str.charAt(i)!=" ")break;
}
str=str.substring(i,str.length);
return str;
}
function RTrim(str)
{
var i;
for(i=str.length-1;i>=0;i--)
{
if(str.charAt(i)!=" "&&str.charAt(i)!=" ")break;
}
str=str.substring(0,i+1);
return str;
}
function Trim(str)
{
return LTrim(RTrim(str));
}
function cookie(name, value, options) {
if (typeof value != 'undefined') { // name and value given, set cookie
options = options || {};
if (value === null) {
value = '';
options.expires = -1;
}
var expires = '';
if (options.expires && (typeof options.expires == 'number' || options.expires.toUTCString)) {
var date;
if (typeof options.expires == 'number') {
date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (options.expires * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
} else {
date = options.expires;
}
expires = '; expires=' + date.toUTCString();
}
var path = options.path ? '; path=' + (options.path) : '';
var domain = options.domain ? '; domain=' + (options.domain) : '';
var secure = options.secure ? '; secure' : '';
document.cookie = [name, '=', encodeURIComponent(value), expires, path, domain, secure].join('');
} else {
var cookieValue = null;
if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
var cookie = (cookies[i]).trim();
if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
break;
}
}
}
return cookieValue;
}
};
window.onload = function(){
cookie('ddd','12345666666',{expires: 7, path: '/', domain: 'jquery.com', secure: true});
alert(cookie('ddd'));
}
</script>
第三种包括删除cookie:
var config = $.cookie = function(key, value, options) {
// Write
if (value !== undefined && !$.isFunction(value)) {
options = $.extend({}, config.defaults, options);
if (typeof options.expires === 'number') {
var days = options.expires,
t = options.expires = new Date();
t.setDate(t.getDate() + days);
}
return (document.cookie = [
encode(key), '=', stringifyCookieValue(value),
options.expires ? '; expires=' + options.expires.toUTCString() : '', // use expires attribute, max-age is not supported by IE
options.path ? '; path=' + options.path : '',
options.domain ? '; domain=' + options.domain : '',
options.secure ? '; secure' : ''
].join(''));
}
// Read
var result = key ? undefined : {};
// To prevent the for loop in the first place assign an empty array
// in case there are no cookies at all. Also prevents odd result when
// calling $.cookie().
var cookies = document.cookie ? document.cookie.split('; ') : [];
for (var i = 0, l = cookies.length; i < l; i++) {
var parts = cookies[i].split('=');
var name = decode(parts.shift());
var cookie = parts.join('=');
if (key && key === name) {
// If second argument (value) is a function it's a converter...
result = read(cookie, value);
break;
}
// Prevent storing a cookie that we couldn't decode.
if (!key && (cookie = read(cookie)) !== undefined) {
result[name] = cookie;
}
}
return result;
};
config.defaults = {};
$.removeCookie = function(key, options) {
if ($.cookie(key) !== undefined) {
// Must not alter options, thus extending a fresh object...
$.cookie(key, '', $.extend({}, options, {
expires: -1
}));
return true;
}
return false;
};
// Write
if (value !== undefined && !$.isFunction(value)) {
options = $.extend({}, config.defaults, options);
if (typeof options.expires === 'number') {
var days = options.expires,
t = options.expires = new Date();
t.setDate(t.getDate() + days);
}
return (document.cookie = [
encode(key), '=', stringifyCookieValue(value),
options.expires ? '; expires=' + options.expires.toUTCString() : '', // use expires attribute, max-age is not supported by IE
options.path ? '; path=' + options.path : '',
options.domain ? '; domain=' + options.domain : '',
options.secure ? '; secure' : ''
].join(''));
}
// Read
var result = key ? undefined : {};
// To prevent the for loop in the first place assign an empty array
// in case there are no cookies at all. Also prevents odd result when
// calling $.cookie().
var cookies = document.cookie ? document.cookie.split('; ') : [];
for (var i = 0, l = cookies.length; i < l; i++) {
var parts = cookies[i].split('=');
var name = decode(parts.shift());
var cookie = parts.join('=');
if (key && key === name) {
// If second argument (value) is a function it's a converter...
result = read(cookie, value);
break;
}
// Prevent storing a cookie that we couldn't decode.
if (!key && (cookie = read(cookie)) !== undefined) {
result[name] = cookie;
}
}
return result;
};
config.defaults = {};
$.removeCookie = function(key, options) {
if ($.cookie(key) !== undefined) {
// Must not alter options, thus extending a fresh object...
$.cookie(key, '', $.extend({}, options, {
expires: -1
}));
return true;
}
return false;
};
使用方法:
$.cookie('app_usertype', d.data.type);
$.removeCookie('app_usertype');
$.removeCookie('app_usertype', {
path: '/'
});
$.removeCookie('app_usertype', {
path: '/'
});