Python的.py文件打包成exe可执行文件
前几天做了几个简单的爬虫python程序,于是就想做个窗口看看效果。
首先是,窗口的话,以前没怎么接触过,就先考虑用Qt制作简单的ui。这里用前面sinanews的爬虫脚本为例,制作一个获取当天sina头条新闻的窗口。
生成py文件后,运行该py文件,这里窗口我只是随便拖了几个组件进去,主要的text browser用于显示获取到的sinanews。
首先贴一下我的配置(点击即可官方下载): Python 3.3.3
PyQt5-5.2.1 for Py3.3(当安装完Python3.3后,安装对应PyQt,其会找到Python安装目录,不用更改安装目录)
Python3.3默认是没有安装pip的,需要下载get-pip.py运行之后,提示安装成功。
接下来就要安装一些必要的组件了。为了安装方便,先把pip添加进环境变量。下面我们就可以用pip命令安装组件了。
先把sina_news.py贴出来,观察需要哪些组件。
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/')
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
for news in soup.select('.news-item'):
if len(news.select('h2')) > 0:
h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text
a = news.select('a')[0]['href']
time = news.select('.time')[0].text
print(time,h2,a)
发现import requests,import BeautifulSoup 所以先来安装这些组件
pip install requests
pip install BeautifulSoup4
当我们把这段代码贴进窗口代码后:
x.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'x.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.8.1
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
import sys
import requests
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class Ui_x(object):
def getNews():
res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/')
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
title = []
for news in soup.select('.news-item'):
if len(news.select('h2')) > 0:
h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text
title.append(h2)
a = news.select('a')[0]['href']
time = news.select('.time')[0].text
return '\n'.join(title)
def setupUi(self, x):
x.setObjectName("x")
x.resize(841, 749)
self.timeEdit = QtWidgets.QTimeEdit(x)
self.timeEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(310, 10, 141, 31))
self.timeEdit.setObjectName("timeEdit")
self.dateEdit = QtWidgets.QDateEdit(x)
self.dateEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(100, 10, 191, 31))
self.dateEdit.setObjectName("dateEdit")
self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(x)
self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 80, 701, 641))
self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
self.retranslateUi(x)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(x)
def retranslateUi(self, x):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
x.setWindowTitle(_translate("x", "x"))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
ui = Ui_x()
ui.setupUi(Form)
Form.show()
ui.textBrowser.setText(Ui_x.getNews())
sys.exit(app.exec_())
如果前面顺利的话,现在用python运行x.py应该能看到显示的窗口。
下面就是打包的过程了,这里笔者用的Pyinstaller,没有安装的话,要安装一下:
pip install pyinstaller
安装完成后,cmd路径cd到x.py所在目录。打包命令:
Pyinstaller -w x.py
此时,在x.py便生成dist文件夹,打包的x.exe就在此文件夹下。双击x.exe显示效果:
当然还有许多改进的地方,比如在上面选择日期,获得指定日期的头条新闻。
笔者在这片博文主要介绍py文件的打包过程。
可能遇到的问题:
打开打包后的程序无法运行
显示:
ImportError: No module named 'queue'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 2, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 63, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 24, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\_internal_utils.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\compat.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\packages\__init__.py", line 29, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'
Failed to execute script test
当然这个错误代码,当时我没有保留,这是版本不匹配造成的:
我的Pyinstaller为3.2