Linux下挂载硬盘的方法

1. 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

从查询结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘

2. 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区

[root@db1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
[root@db1 /]#

如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 175825944 sda
8 1 1020096 sda1
8 2 30716280 sda2
8 3 8193150 sda3
[root@web1 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 175825944 sda
8 1 1020096 sda1
8 2 30716280 sda2
8 3 8193150 sda3
8 4 135893835 sda4
[root@web1 ~]#

3. 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区
[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

4. 创建目录 并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下
[root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

5. 验证挂载是否成功
[root@db1 /]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9131772 7066884 1601012 82% /
none 454256 0 454256 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 5154852 43040 4849956 1% /backup

6. 设置开机自动挂载

[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrom auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5642883