[go-每日一库] golang validator常规参数校验及自定义规则校验
1.validator简介
validator是一个开源的验证器包,可以快速校验输入信息是否符合自定规则。源码地址: https://github.com/go-playground/validator
本地开发安装库:
go get github.com/go-playground/validator
2.常用示例
例如我们使用golang的gin框架进行web server的开发,对于传来的json参数进行校验,这个是必不可少的,只要是传过来的参数,就不可信。
validate的tag校验类型见官方文档-参考。
话不多说,直接上代码示例:
package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
"net/http"
)
type User struct {
Username string `json:"username" validate:"required,min=4,max=20"` // 必填字段,限制长度
Password string `json:"password" validate:"required"` // 必填字段
Email string `json:"email" validate:"required,email"` // 限于email格式
Phone string `json:"phone" validate:"omitempty,numeric"` // 限于数字型
Hobby []string `json:"hobby" validate:"omitempty"` // 空时忽略
Age int `json:"age" validate:"omitempty,gt=18,lt=100"` // 限制大小
Gender string `json:"gender" validate:"omitempty,oneof=male female"` // 限于男女
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/login", login)
_ = router.Run(":8080")
}
func login(ctx *gin.Context) {
var user User
err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&user)
if err != nil {
ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
return
}
// repeat parse use below
//_ = ctx.ShouldBindWith(&user, binding.JSON)
validate := validator.New()
err = validate.Struct(user)
if err != nil {
ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
return
}
ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"msg": "success"})
}
启动server,postman测试,可以看到哪些字段因为某个校验不能通过校验,导致error, 是不是很友好呢,不过建议返回前台校验参数失败即可,具体校验详情作为日志输出到server的log文件中。
3.进阶示例-自定义字段或验证方法
3.1 自定义规则
代码源自: http://liuqh.icu/2021/05/30/go/gin/11-validate/
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)
// 验证pre
type CustomParam struct {
Pre string `validate:"pre=go_"`
}
func main() {
// 实例化验证器
validate = validator.New()
// 注册自定义标签
_ = validate.RegisterValidation("pre", ValidatePre)
cusParam := CustomParam{
Pre: "php_",
}
err := validate.Struct(cusParam)
fmt.Println(err)
}
// 自定义验证规则
func ValidatePre(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
return fl.Field().String() == "go_"
}
3.2 自定义规则在gin中使用
代码源自: http://liuqh.icu/2021/05/30/go/gin/11-validate/
有自定义的validator,tag的类型设为binding。
package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
"net/http"
"time"
)
// 定义结构体
type User struct {
Name string `form:"name" binding:"required,min=3,max=5" `
BirthDate time.Time `form:"date" binding:"required,birth" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}
// 运行程序
func main() {
engine := gin.Default()
// 注册自定义验证标签:birth
if validate,ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate);ok {
validate.RegisterValidation("birth",checkBirthDate)
}
// 接收请求
engine.GET("/valid", func(context *gin.Context) {
var user User
// 集成验证
err := context.ShouldBindQuery(&user)
if err != nil {
context.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest,gin.H{"error":err.Error()})
return
}
context.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{"msg":"success"})
})
_ = engine.Run()
}
// 检测生日
func checkBirthDate(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
t,ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
if ok {
// 当前时间应该大于生日时间
if time.Now().After(t) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
4.binding && validator
见参考文档:Gin请求参数校验
5.示例-用户名与密码校验
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
"reflect"
"regexp"
)
func main() {
u := User{
Username: "IamJames",
Password: "1234567A$888",
}
validate := validator.New()
_ = validate.RegisterValidation("minLen", minLen)
_ = validate.RegisterValidation("verifyPwd", verifyPwd)
err := validate.Struct(u)
if err != nil {
errInfo := processErr(u, err)
fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
fmt.Printf("errorInfo: %v\n", errInfo)
return
}
fmt.Println("validate pass...")
}
type User struct {
Username string `json:"username,omitempty" validate:"required,minLen" field_error_info:"用户名最少6个字符"`
Password string `json:"password,omitempty" validate:"required,verifyPwd" field_error_info:"密码应包含数字、大/小写字母、特殊字符中的3种, 且至少8个字符"`
}
func minLen(f validator.FieldLevel) bool {
val := f.Field().String()
if len(val) < 6 {
return false
}
return true
}
func verifyPwd(f validator.FieldLevel) bool {
val := f.Field().String()
if len(val) < 8 || len(val) > 20 { // length需要通过验证
fmt.Println("pwd length error")
return false
}
pwdPattern := `^[0-9a-zA-Z!@#$%^&*~-_+]{8,20}$`
reg, err := regexp.Compile(pwdPattern) // filter exclude chars
if err != nil {
return false
}
match := reg.MatchString(val)
if !match {
fmt.Println("not match error.")
return false
}
var cnt int = 0 // 满足3中以上即可通过验证
patternList := []string{ // 数字、大小写字母、特殊字符
`[0-9]+`,
`[a-z]+`,
`[A-Z]+`,
`[!@#$%^&*~-_+]+`,
}
for _, pattern := range patternList {
match, _ = regexp.MatchString(pattern, val)
if match {
cnt++
}
}
if cnt < 3 {
fmt.Println("pwd should include at least 3 types.")
return false
}
return true
}
func processErr(u interface{},err error) string {
if err == nil { //如果为nil 说明校验通过
return ""
}
invalid, ok := err.(*validator.InvalidValidationError) //如果是输入参数无效,则直接返回输入参数错误
if ok {
return "输入参数错误:" + invalid.Error()
}
validationErrs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) //断言是ValidationErrors
for _, validationErr := range validationErrs {
fieldName := validationErr.Field() //获取是哪个字段不符合格式
field, ok := reflect.TypeOf(u).FieldByName(fieldName) //通过反射获取filed
if ok {
errorInfo := field.Tag.Get("field_error_info") //获取field对应的reg_error_info tag值
return fieldName + ": " + errorInfo //返回错误
}else {
return "缺失field_error_info"
}
}
return ""
}
参考文档