I. RabbitMQ的基本概念
1. 生产者/消费者
-
生产者(Producer)
消息的创建者。
负责创建和推送数据到消息服务器。 -
消费者(Consumer)
消息的接收方。
负责接收消息和处理数据。
2. 消息队列(Queue)
消息队列是RabbitMQ的内部对象，用于存储生产者的消息直到发送给消费者，它是消费者接收消息的地方。
消息队列的重要属性:
- 持久性
broker重启前都有效。 - 自动删除
在所有消费者停止使用之后自动删除。 - 惰性
没有主动声明队列，调用会导致异常。 - 排他性
-一旦启用，声明它的消费者才能使用。
3. 交换机(Exchange)
交换机用于接收，分配消息。
1. 生产者要先指定一个routing key，然后将消息发送到交换机。
2. routing key需要与exchange type和binding key联合使用才能最终生效。
3. 交换机将消息路由到一个或多个队列中，或丢弃。
交换机包含4中类型: direct, topic, fanout, headers。
- direct(直连交换机)
具有路由功能的交换机，绑定到此交换机的时候需要指定一个routing_key，交换机发送消息的时候需要routing_key，会将消息发送道对应的队列。
先匹配，再投送。
Direct Exchange是RabbitMQ的默认交换机模式。
这是最简单的模式。
它根据routing key全文匹配去寻找队列。
在绑定队列时会设定一个routing key(通常是队列的名字)。
只有在消息的routing key与队列匹配时，消息才会被交换机投送到绑定的队列中。
- topic(主题交换机)
在直连交换机基础上增加模式匹配，也就是对routing_key进行模式匹配，*代表一个单词，#代表多个单词。
按规则转发消息。
主题交换机(Topic Exchange)主要根据通配符转发消息。
这种方式最灵活。
交换机和队列的绑定会定义一种路由模式。
路由键(routing key)和路由模式匹配后，交换机才能转发消息。
在这种交换机模式下，路由键(routing key)必须是一串字符，用"."隔开。
路由模式必须包含一个星号"*", 主要用于匹配路由键指定位置的一个单词。
* 匹配一个单词。
# 匹配0个或多个单词。
eg:
binding key: *.com.#
匹配的routing key: cn.com, us.com.aa
不匹配: com.bb
- headers(首部交换机)
忽略routing_key，使用Headers信息(一个Hash的数据结构)进行匹配，优势在于可以有更多更灵活的匹配规则。
根据应用程序消息的特定属性进行匹配。
- fanout(扇形交换机)
广播消息到所有队列，没有任何处理，速度最快。
消息广播的模式。
这种方式将消息广播到所有绑定到它的队列中。
不考虑routing key的值，即使配置了路由键，依然会被忽略。
4. 消息确认
消息确认是指当一个消息从队列中投递给消费者(consumer)后，消费者会通知一下消息代理(broker)。
消息确认可以自动，也可以由处理消息的开发者手动执行。
当启用消息确认后，消息代理需要收到来自消费者的确认回执后，才完全将消息从队列中删除。
II. 七种队列模式
1. 简单模式(Hello World)
做最简单的事情，一个生产者对应一个消费者，RabbitMQ相当于一个消息代理，负责将A的消息转发给B。
单生产者，单消费者，单队列。
应用场景：
将发送的电子邮件放到消息队列，然后邮件服务在队列中获取邮件并发送给收件人。
2. 工作队列模式(Work queues)
在多个消费者之间分配任务(竞争的消费者模式)，一个生产者对应多个消费者。
适用于资源密集型任务， 单个消费者处理不过来，需要多个消费者进行处理的场景。
单生产者，多消费者，单队列。
应用场景：
一个订单的处理需要10s，有多个订单可以同时放到消息队列，
然后让多个消费者同时并行处理，而不是单个消费者的串行消费。
3. 发布订阅模式(Publish/Subscribe)
一次向许多消费者发送消息，将消息将广播到所有的消费者。
单生产者，多消费者，多队列。
应用场景：
更新商品库存后需要通知多个缓存和多个数据库。
结构如下：
- 一个fanout类型交换机扇出两个消息队列，分别为缓存消息队列、数据库消息队列
- 一个缓存消息队列对应着多个缓存消费者
- 一个数据库消息队列对应着多个数据库消费者
4. 路由模式(Routing)
根据Routing Key有选择地接收消息。
多消费者，选择性多队列，每个队列通过routing key全文匹配。
发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由键(Routing key) 。
消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key，仅消费指定路由key的消息。
应用场景：
在商品库存中增加了1台iphone12，iphone12促销活动消费者指定routing key为iphone12 promote，
只有此促销活动会接收到消息，其它促销活动不关心也不会消费此routing key的消息。
5. 主题模式(Topics)
主题交换机方式接收消息，将routing key和模式进行匹配。
多消费者，选择性多队列，每个队列通过模式匹配。
队列需要绑定在一个模式上。
#匹配一个词或多个词，*只匹配一个词。
应用场景：
iphone促销活动可以接收主题为多种iPhone的消息，如iphone12、iphone13等。
6. 远程过程调用(RPC)
在远程计算机上运行功能并等待结果。
应用场景：
需要等待接口返回数据，如订单支付。
7. 发布者确认(Publisher Confirms)
与发布者进行可靠的发布确认，发布者确认是RabbitMQ扩展，可以实现可靠的发布。
在通道上启用发布者确认后，RabbitMQ将异步确认发送者发布的消息，这意味着它们已在服务器端处理。
应用场景：
对于消息可靠性要求较高，比如钱包扣款。
III. 实战代码
1. 准备工作
首先，我们需要加入rabbitmq的amqp client依赖
<!-- amqp client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.12.0</version>
</dependency>
其次，我们需要编写一个连接mq和通道的工具类ConnectionUtils，如下:
package com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util;
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.domain.ConnInfo;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConnectionUtils {
/**
* 连接器(默认)
*
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws TimeoutException
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnInfo connInfo = new ConnInfo.Builder()
.setHost("Your RabbitMQ Broker Host")
.setPort(5672)
.setVirtualHost("Your Virtual Host(自定义)")
.setUsername("your rabbit admin user")
.setPassword("your rabbit admin password")
.build();
return getConnection(connInfo);
}
}
2. 简单模式实例
- 生产者(Producer)代码
ConsoleSender
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConsoleSender {
private static final String QUIT = "Q";
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 创建队列声明
// queue：队列名
// durable：是否持久化
// exclusive：是否排外 即只允许该channel访问该队列 一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景
// autoDelete：是否自动删除 消费完删除
// arguments：其他属性
AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 输入发送的消息
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = "";
while (true) {
System.out.print("请输入发送的消息: ");
msg = input.nextLine();
if (QUIT.equals(msg.toUpperCase())) {
break;
}
// exchange，队列，参数，消息字节体
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("Producer发送的消息: " + msg);
}
// 清理工作
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
- 消费者(Consumer)代码
SimpleReceiver
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleReceiver {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Consumer] Received from queue - '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
运行结果:
1. 首先运行结果生产者(ConsoleSender)
我们在控制台的输入如下:
请输入发送的消息: 789
Producer发送的消息: 789
请输入发送的消息: 111
Producer发送的消息: 111
请输入发送的消息: q
2. 其次运行消费者(SimpleReceiver)
显示如下:
[Consumer] Received from queue - 'simple_queue':'789'
[Consumer] Received from queue - 'simple_queue':'111'
3. 工作队列模式实例
- 生产者(Producer)代码
WorkQueueSender
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class WorkQueueSender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
String message = "work mode message" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[Producer] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i * 10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
- 消费者代码(模拟2个消费者)
WorkQueueReceiver1
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class WorkQueueReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Work Consumer 1] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
WorkQueueReceiver2
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class WorkQueueReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Work Consumer 2] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
运行结果:
1. Producer运行:
[Producer] Sent 'work mode message0'
...
[Producer] Sent 'work mode message99'
---------------------------------------------------
2. Consumer1运行:
[Work Consumer 1] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message0'
[Work Consumer 1] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message2'
...
[Work Consumer 1] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message98'
---------------------------------------------------
3. Consumer2运行:
[Work Consumer 2] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message1'
[Work Consumer 2] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message3'
...
[Work Consumer 2] Received 'work_queue':'work mode message99'
注: 从上面结果可以看出，2个消费者以抢占的方式消费消息且不重复。
4. 发布订阅模式实例
- 生产者(Producer)代码
ConsolePublishSender
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ConsolePublishSender {
private static final String QUIT = "Q";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
// 输入发送的消息
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = "";
while (true) {
System.out.print("请输入发送的消息: ");
msg = input.nextLine();
if (QUIT.equals(msg.toUpperCase())) {
break;
}
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println(" [Publisher] Sent '" + msg + "'");
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
- 消费者代码(模拟2个消费者)
SubscribeReceive1
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class SubscribeReceive1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 订阅消息的回调函数
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Subscriber 1] Received '" + message + "'");
};
// 消费者，有消息时触发订阅回调函数
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
SubscribeReceive2
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class SubscribeReceive2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 订阅消息的回调函数
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Subscriber 2] Received '" + message + "'");
};
// 消费者，有消息时触发订阅回调函数
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
运行结果:
1. Producer运行:
请输入发送的消息: topic 1
[Publisher] Sent 'topic 1'
请输入发送的消息: topic 2
[Publisher] Sent 'topic 2'
请输入发送的消息: haha
[Publisher] Sent 'haha'
请输入发送的消息: q
---------------------------------------------------
2. Consumer1运行:
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
[Subscriber 1] Received '发布的主题信息'
[Subscriber 1] Received 'topic 1'
[Subscriber 1] Received 'topic 2'
[Subscriber 1] Received 'haha'
---------------------------------------------------
3. Consumer2运行:
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
[Subscriber 2] Received '发布的主题信息'
[Subscriber 2] Received 'topic 1'
[Subscriber 2] Received 'topic 2'
[Subscriber 2] Received 'haha'
注: 多个接收者接收到一模一样的消息。该模式用于多个消费者订阅同一个主题。
5. 路由模式实例
- 生产者(Producer)代码
ConsoleRouteSender
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConsoleRouteSender {
private static final String QUIT = "Q";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 交换机声明
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
// 输入发送的消息
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String msg = "";
while (true) {
System.out.print("请输入发送的消息: ");
msg = input.nextLine();
if (QUIT.equals(msg.toUpperCase())) {
break;
}
// 只有routingKey相同的才会消费
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, msg.getBytes());
//channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key", null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("[Route Producer] Sent '" + msg + "'");
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
- 消费者代码(模拟2个消费者)
RouteReceiver1
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class RouteReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 指定路由的key，接收key和key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Route Consumer 1] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
RouteReceiver2
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class RouteReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 仅接收key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Route Consumer 2] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
运行结果:
1. Producer运行:
请输入发送的消息: abc
[Route Producer] Sent 'abc'
请输入发送的消息: test
[Route Producer] Sent 'test'
请输入发送的消息: q
---------------------------------------------------
2. Consumer1运行:
[Route Consumer 1] Received 'key2':'abc'
[Route Consumer 1] Received 'key2':'test'
---------------------------------------------------
3. Consumer2运行:
[Route Consumer 2] Received 'key2':'abc'
[Route Consumer 2] Received 'key2':'test'
如果把sender中的key2改成key，运行结果如下:
请输入发送的消息: 123
[Route Producer] Sent '123'
请输入发送的消息: 456
[Route Producer] Sent '456'
请输入发送的消息: 789
[Route Producer] Sent '789'
请输入发送的消息: q
[Route Consumer 1] Received 'key':'123'
[Route Consumer 1] Received 'key':'456'
[Route Consumer 1] Received 'key':'789'
consumer2没有数据，因为route key没有匹配。
6. 主题模式实例
- 生产者(Producer)代码
SimpleTopicSender
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleTopicSender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
String message = "topics model message with key.1";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[Producer] Sent '" + message + "'");
String message2 = "topics model message with key.1.2";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1.2", null, message2.getBytes());
System.out.println("[Producer] Sent '" + message2 + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
- 消费者代码(模拟2个消费者)
TopicReceiver1
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class TopicReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Consumer 1] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
TopicReceiver2
import com.mcp.lab.mq.rabbit.common.util.ConnectionUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class TopicReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取一个连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 从连接获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// *号代表单个单词，可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
// #号代表多个单词，可以接收key.1.2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.#");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [Consumer 2] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
运行结果:
1. Producer运行:
[Producer] Sent 'topics model message with key.1'
[Producer] Sent 'topics model message with key.1.2'
---------------------------------------------------
2. Consumer1运行:
[Consumer 1] Received 'key.1':'topics model message with key.1'
---------------------------------------------------
3. Consumer2运行:
[Consumer 2] Received 'key.1':'topics model message with key.1'
[Consumer 2] Received 'key.1.2':'topics model message with key.1.2'
