在AngularJS中使用ES6
本篇记录一些AngularJS结合使用ES6的各种写法。
ES6中module的导出导入
class MainController { constructor(searchService){ this.searchService = searchService; } search(){ this.searchService .fetch(this.searchTerm) .then(response => { this.items = resposne.data.items; }) } } export {MainController}
如何把module中的Controller注册进module呢?
import {MainController } from './MainController'; import {searchService } from './SeachService'; angualr .module('app',[]) .controller('mainController', MainController) .service('searchService', searchService);
ES6中的继承
class PageController{ constructor(name){ this.name = name; } sayHello(){ return 'Hello ' + this.name; } } export {PageController}
在另外一个文件中:
import {PageController} from './PageController'; class ProductPageController extends PageController { constructor(){ super('jack'); } } export {ProductPageController}
最后注册到module中去:
angular .module('app',[]) .controller('ProductPageController', ProductPageController);
ES6中Service和Controller的写法
class UserService{ constructor($http){ this.$http = $http; } getFullName(){ return this.$http.get('api/user/details'); } } class MyController{ //注意:定义时的class名是UserService,正真的名称是在service('realname',UserServie)中定义的 constructor(userService){ userService.getFullName().then(result => this.userName = result.fullName); } } angular.module('app') .service('userService', UserService) .controller('MyController', MyController);
ES6中Providers的写法
class MyProvider{ constructor(){ this.apiPath = 'default/api'; } setApiPath(value){ this.apiPath = value; } $get($http){ return { getThings: () => $http.get(this.apiPath); } } }
ES6的Provider中依赖的注入是写在$get()中的,不能在constructor中注入。Provider中必须有$get()方法。
ES6中Factory的写法
class Thing{ constructor(){ console.log('create the thing'); showMsg(); } showMsg(){ console.log('some msg'); } } class ThingFactory{ constructor($timeout){ this.$timeout = $timeout; } createThing(){ return this.$timeout(() => new Thing(),1000); } }
如何往module中注册呢?
● 第一种写法
angular.module('app') .factory('thingFactory', () => new ThingFactory());
以上写法是错误的,因为$timeout还没有注入进去。可以这样写。
angular.module('app') .factory('thingFactory', ['$timeout', ($timeout) => new ThingFactory($timeout)]);
● 第二种写法
但,以上的写法也不是最理想的。最好是写在类中。
class ThingFactory{ constructor($timeout){ this.$timeout = $timeout; } createThing(){ return this.$timeout(() => new Thing(),1000); } } ThingFactory.$inject = ['$timeout'];
然后,
angular.module('app') .factory('thingFactory', () => new ThingFactory());
● 第三种写法
class ThingFactory{ constructor($timeout){ this.$timeout = $timeout; } createThing(){ return this.$timeout(() => new Thing(),1000); } } ThingFactory.$inject = ['$timeout']; var constructorFn = ThingFactory; //args = ['$timeout'] var args = constructorFn.$inject; //根据参数创建ThingFactory实例,任意多的参数 var factoryFunction = (...args) => { return new constructorFn(...args); } //['$timeout', ($timeout) => new ThingFactory($timeout)] var factoryArray = args.push(factoryFunction); angular.module('app') .factory('thingFactory', factoryArray);
ES6中Directive的写法
class MyDirective{ constructor($interval){ this.template = '<div>I\'m a directive</div>'; this.restrict = 'E'; this.scope = {}; this.$interval = $interval; } compile(tElement){ tElement.css('position','absolute'); } link(scope, element){ this.$interval(() => this.move(element),1000); } move(element){ element.css('left', (Math.random() * 500) + 'px'); element.css('top', (Math.random() * 500) + 'px'); } }
以上,如果同时使用compile和link方法,link方法应该是compile的返回值。
compile(tElement){ tElement.css('position','absolute'); return this.link; }
以上,当angular调用this.link方法,将不会在MyDirective的当前上下文中,调用this.$interval(() => this.move(element),1000);会报undefined类型错误。
如果改成这样:
compile(tElement){ tElement.css('position','absolute'); return (scope, element) => { this.$interval(() => this.move(element),1000); }; }
这里,当使用=>后,调用this.$interval(() => this.move(element),1000);方法能保证还MyDirective所在的当前上下文中。
还可以这么写:
compile(tElement){ tElement.css('position','absolute'); return this.link.bind(this); } link(scope, element){ this.$interval(() => this.move(element),1000); }
但, 以上所有的做法都必须调用compile方法,而在实际场景中,调用compile方法不是必须的。最好这样写:
var constructorFn = MyDirective; //是否有compile方法 if (!constructorFn.prototype.compile) { // 如果没有,通过原型创建compile方法 constructorFn.prototype.compile = () => {}; } var originalCompileFn = _cloneFunction(constructorFn.prototype.compile); //重写compile方法 _override(constructorFn.prototype, 'compile', function () { return function () { //先调用原先的compile方法 originalCompileFn.apply(this, arguments); //如果Directive包含link方法再执行link方法,绑定正确的上下文 if (constructorFn.prototype.link) { return constructorFn.prototype.link.bind(this); } }; });
往module注册controller、factory、provider等的帮助方法
Michael Bromley还专门写了一个帮助方法,在这里。
大致这样使用:
class MyAngularComponent { /*@ngInject*/ constructor(dependency1, dependency2) { this.dependency1 = dependency1; // stuff happens here } someMethods() { this.dependency1.doThatThing(); // more stuff here } } register('app') .controller('MyController', MyAngularComponent) .service('myService', MyAngularComponent) .provider('myOtherService', MyAngularComponent) .factory('myFactory', MyAngularComponent) .directive('myDirective', MyAngularComponent);
参考资料:
http://blog.thoughtram.io/angularjs/es6/2015/01/23/exploring-angular-1.3-using-es6.html
http://www.michaelbromley.co.uk/blog/350/exploring-es6-classes-in-angularjs-1-x
https://github.com/timroes/angular-es6-sample