解析XML的4种方式及优缺点比较
dom, sax是解析xml的底层接口
而jdom和dom4j则是基于底层api的更高级封装
dom是通用的,而jdom和dom4j则是面向java语言的
(方法一). DOM解析说明:为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结
构,
然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操作;支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调入内
存(包括无用的节点),浪费时间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU).
1 import java.io.File; 2 3 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; 4 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; 5 6 import org.w3c.dom.Attr; 7 import org.w3c.dom.Document; 8 import org.w3c.dom.Element; 9 import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; 10 import org.w3c.dom.Node; 11 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; 12 13 public class DomDemo { 14 15 private final static String xmlPath = "D:\\WHS01.xml"; 16 17 /** 18 * 递归输出节点 19 * 20 * @param element 21 */ 22 public static void parseElement(Element element) { 23 24 System.out.print("<" + element.getTagName()); 25 NamedNodeMap map = element.getAttributes(); 26 if (null != map) { 27 for (int i = 0; i < map.getLength(); i++) { 28 Attr attr = (Attr) map.item(i); 29 System.out.print(" " + attr.getName() + "=\"" + attr.getValue() 30 + "\""); 31 } 32 } 33 System.out.print(">"); 34 35 NodeList childList = element.getChildNodes(); 36 37 for (int i = 0; i < childList.getLength(); i++) { 38 Node node = childList.item(i); 39 40 switch (node.getNodeType()) { 41 case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: 42 parseElement((Element) node); 43 break; 44 case Node.TEXT_NODE: 45 System.out.print(node.getNodeValue()); 46 break; 47 default: 48 break; 49 } 50 } 51 System.out.print("</" + element.getTagName() + ">"); 52 } 53 54 /** 55 * 根据指定路径获取Document对象 56 * 57 * @param xmlPath 58 * @return 59 * @throws Exception 60 */ 61 public static Document getDocument(String xmlPath) throws Exception { 62 63 Document document = null; 64 if (null == xmlPath || "".equals(xmlPath.trim())) 65 return document; 66 67 File file = new File(xmlPath); 68 if (file.canRead() && file.exists()) { 69 DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory 70 .newInstance(); 71 DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 72 document = builder.parse(file); 73 } 74 return document; 75 } 76 77 public static void main(String[] args) { 78 Document document = null; 79 try { 80 document = getDocument(xmlPath); 81 } catch (Exception e) { 82 e.printStackTrace(); 83 } 84 // 传入根节点 85 parseElement(document.getDocumentElement()); 86 } 87 }
(方法二)SAX解析说明:为解决DOM的问题,出现了SAX。SAX ,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的
开 始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调入整个文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适 于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场 合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <BOM Code="LM4029"> 3 <Child Code="LM4029MC"> 4 <Quantity>2.000000</Quantity> 5 </Child> 6 <Child Code="LM4029D"> 7 <Quantity>1.000000</Quantity> 8 </Child> 9 <Child Code="LM4029PH"> 10 <Quantity>1.000000</Quantity> 11 </Child> 12 <Child Code ="LM4029PS"> 13 <Quantity>1.000000</Quantity> 14 </Child> 15 <Child Code="LM4029SB"> 16 <Quantity>1.000000</Quantity> 17 </Child> 18 </BOM>
1 import java.util.Stack; 2 3 import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; 4 import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; 5 6 import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 7 import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 8 import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 9 10 public class SAXDemo { 11 12 private final static String uri = "D:\\bom.xml"; 13 14 public static void main(String[] args) { 15 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 16 try { 17 SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); 18 parser.parse(uri, new MyHandler()); 19 } catch (Exception e) { 20 e.printStackTrace(); 21 } 22 } 23 } 24 25 class Child { 26 private String code; 27 private double quantity; 28 29 public String getCode() { 30 return code; 31 } 32 33 public void setCode(String code) { 34 this.code = code; 35 } 36 37 public double getQuantity() { 38 return quantity; 39 } 40 41 public void setQuantity(double quantity) { 42 this.quantity = quantity; 43 } 44 45 } 46 47 class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler { 48 49 Stack<String> stack = null; 50 Child child = null; 51 52 @Override 53 public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 54 System.out.println("start document"); 55 stack = new Stack<String>(); 56 } 57 58 @Override 59 public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 60 System.out.println("end document"); 61 stack = null; 62 } 63 64 @Override 65 public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, 66 Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { 67 stack.push(qName); 68 if ("Child".equals(qName)) { 69 child = new Child(); 70 child.setCode(attributes.getValue("Code")); 71 } 72 } 73 74 @Override 75 public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) 76 throws SAXException { 77 stack.pop(); 78 if ("Child".equals(qName)) { 79 System.out.println("Code -> " + child.getCode() + ", Quantity -> " 80 + child.getQuantity()); 81 child = null; 82 } 83 } 84 85 @Override 86 public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) 87 throws SAXException { 88 if ("Quantity".equals(stack.peek())) { 89 child.setQuantity(Double.parseDouble(new String(ch, start, length))); 90 } 91 } 92 }
(方法三)JDOM解析说明:为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能
简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用),DOM
1 import java.io.File; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import java.util.List; 4 5 import org.jdom2.Document; 6 import org.jdom2.Element; 7 import org.jdom2.JDOMException; 8 import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder; 9 10 public class JdomDemo { 11 12 private final static String xmlPath = "D:\\bom.xml"; 13 14 public static void readXml() throws JDOMException, IOException { 15 SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(); 16 Document document = builder.build(new File(xmlPath)); 17 18 Element element = document.getRootElement(); 19 List<Element> childList = element.getChildren("Child"); 20 21 for (int i = 0; i < childList.size(); i++) { 22 String code = childList.get(i).getAttributeValue("Code"); 23 double quantity = Double.parseDouble(childList.get(i).getChildText( 24 "Quantity")); 25 System.out.println("Code -> " + code + ", Quantity -> " + quantity); 26 } 27 } 28 }
(方法四)DOM4J解析说明:DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同
时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML
1 import java.io.File; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import java.util.Iterator; 4 5 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; 6 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; 7 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 8 9 import org.dom4j.Attribute; 10 import org.dom4j.Document; 11 import org.dom4j.DocumentException; 12 import org.dom4j.Element; 13 import org.dom4j.io.DOMReader; 14 import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; 15 import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 16 17 public class Dom4jDemo { 18 19 private final static String xmlPath = "D:\\bom.xml"; 20 21 public static void parseElement() throws DocumentException, 22 ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException { 23 // 方式一 DOM 24 // DocumentBuilderFactory factory = 25 // DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 26 // DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 27 // org.w3c.dom.Document domDoc = builder.parse(xmlPath); 28 // DOMReader domReader = new DOMReader(); 29 // Document document = domReader.read(domDoc); 30 31 //方式二 SAX(常用) 32 SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); 33 Document document = saxReader.read(new File(xmlPath)); 34 Element rootEl = document.getRootElement(); 35 36 for (Iterator iterator = rootEl.elementIterator("Child"); iterator 37 .hasNext();) { 38 Element e = (Element) iterator.next(); 39 System.out.print("Code -> " + e.attributeValue("Code")); 40 System.out.println(" Quantity -> " + e.elementText("Quantity")); 41 } 42 } 43 44 }
总结:
1.DOM, JDOM在性能上不如SAX, DOM4J, 在小文档情况下还值得考虑使用 DOM 和 JDOM。
2.DOM 实现广泛应用于多种编程语言。它还是许多其它与 XML 相关的标准的基础,因为它正式获得 W3C 推荐(与基于非标准的 Java 模型相对),所以在某些类型的项目中可能也需要它(如在 javascript 中使用 DOM)。
3.SAX 的高效取决于特定的解析方式,不用事先调入整个文档,占用资源少。
4.如果不考虑可移植性, 首先考虑使用DOM4J。