Spring Data JPA初使用 *****重要********
我们都知道Spring是一个非常优秀的JavaEE整合框架,它尽可能的减少我们开发的工作量和难度。
在持久层的业务逻辑方面,Spring开源组织又给我们带来了同样优秀的Spring Data JPA。
通常我们写持久层,都是先写一个接口,再写接口对应的实现类,在实现类中进行持久层的业务逻辑处理。
而现在,Spring Data JPA帮助我们自动完成了持久层的业务逻辑处理,我们要做的,仅仅是声明一个持久层接口。
1、下载开发所需要的发布包。
1)spring-framework-3.1.2.RELEASE-with-docs.zip
下载地址:http://www.springsource.org/spring-framework
2)hibernate-release-4.1.6.Final.zip
下载地址:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/hibernate
3)Spring Data JPA
Spring Data JPA
下载地址:http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/jpa
Spring Data Commons
下载地址:http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/commons
4)其他一些依赖包可以从 http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library 上查找下载
2、新建一个Web项目 spring-data-jpa,把相应的jar包放到/WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib目录下。
我也没有挑选哪些是不需要的,最后用到的jar如下:
antlr-2.7.7.jar com.springsource.net.sf.cglib-2.2.0.jar com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging-1.1.1.jar com.springsource.org.aspectj.weaver-1.6.3.RELEASE.jar commons-lang3-3.1.jar dom4j-1.6.1.jar hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.1.Final.jar hibernate-core-4.1.6.Final.jar hibernate-entitymanager-4.1.6.Final.jar hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar javassist-3.15.0-GA.jar jboss-logging-3.1.0.GA.jar jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar log4j-1.2.17.jar mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar org.springframework.aop-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.asm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.aspects-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.beans-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context.support-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.core-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.expression-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.instrument-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.jdbc-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.jms-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.js.resources-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.orm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.oxm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.test-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.transaction-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.portlet-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.servlet-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar slf4j-api-1.6.6.jar slf4j-log4j12-1.6.6.jar spring-data-commons-core-1.3.0.M1.jar spring-data-jpa-1.0.2.RELEASE.jar
3、在MySql数据库中建立一个叫spring_data_jpa的数据库。
create database spring_data_jpa default character set utf8;
4、JPA配置文件persistence.xml
1)在src目录下建立一个叫META-INF的文件夹
2)在META-INF文件夹下建立persistence.xml文件
persistence.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="myJPA" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <properties> <!--配置Hibernate方言 --> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect" /> <!--配置数据库驱动 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <!--配置数据库用户名 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" /> <!--配置数据库密码 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root" /> <!--配置数据库url --> <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_data_jpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" /> <!--设置外连接抓取树的最大深度 --> <property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="3" /> <!--自动输出schema创建DDL语句 --> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" /> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" /> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" /> <property name="javax.persistence.validation.mode" value="none"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
5、Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml
在src目录下建立applicationContext.xml
applicationContext.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.luxh.app"/> <!-- 定义实体管理器工厂 --> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="myJPA"/> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 启用 annotation事务--> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 配置Spring Data JPA扫描目录--> <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.luxh.app.repository"/> </beans>
6、web.xml
web.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <!-- log4j配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>springdatajpa.root</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置spring监听器 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置缓存清除监听器,负责处理由 JavaBean Introspector 功能而引起的缓存泄露 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
7、日志配置
在src目录下建立log4j.properties文件
log4j.properties内容如下:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,CONSOLE,FILE log4j.addivity.org.apache=true # 应用于控制台 log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.Threshold=INFO log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n #log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[start]%d{DATE}[DATE]%n%p[PRIORITY]%n%x[NDC]%n%t[THREAD] n%c[CATEGORY]%n%m[MESSAGE]%n%n #应用于文件 log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.FILE.File=${springdatajpa.root}/springdatajpa.log log4j.appender.FILE.Append=true log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n
8、所有环境配完毕,开始写一个Spring Data JPA 的增删改查
1)建立相应的包
2)领域模型实体类User
package cn.luxh.app.domain; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; /** * 用户信息 * @author Luxh * 2012-8-30 */ @Entity @Table(name="t_user") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue private Integer id; //账号 private String account; //姓名 private String name; //密码 private String password; //省略 getter和setter方法 }
3)声明持久层接口UserRepository
让UserRepository接口继承CrudRepository<T,ID>,T是领域实体,ID是领域实体的主键类型。CrudRepository实现了相应的增删改查方法。
package cn.luxh.app.repository; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; import cn.luxh.app.domain.User; /** * 用户持久层接口 * @author Luxh * 2012-8-31 */ public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User,Integer>{ }
不再需要持久层接口实现类。
4)业务层
一般多层架构是控制层调用业务层,业务层再调用持久层。所以这里写个业务层。
a、业务层接口:
package cn.luxh.app.service; import cn.luxh.app.domain.User; /** * 用户业务接口 * @author Luxh * 2012-8-31 */ public interface UserService { /** * 保存用户 * @param user */ void saveUser(User user); /** * 根据id查找用户 * @param id * @return */ User findUserById(Integer id); /** * 更新用户 * @param user */ void updateUser(User user); /** * 根据ID删除用户 * @param id */ void deleteUserById(Integer id); }
b、业务层接口实现类
package cn.luxh.app.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import cn.luxh.app.domain.User; import cn.luxh.app.repository.UserRepository; /** * 用户业务服务实现类 * @author Luxh * 2012-8-31 */ @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{ @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository;//注入UserRepository @Override @Transactional public void saveUser(User user) { userRepository.save(user); } @Override @Transactional(readOnly=true) public User findUserById(Integer id) { return userRepository.findOne(id); } @Override @Transactional public void updateUser(User user) { userRepository.save(user); } @Override @Transactional public void deleteUserById(Integer id) { userRepository.delete(id); } }
9)编写测试用例
在执行测试的时候,发现如下错误:
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceUnitInfo.getValidationMode()Ljavax/persistence/ValidationMode; at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:633) at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:73) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:268) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:310) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452) ... 51 more
网上说是新版本的Hibernate跟javaee.jar里面的JPA接口冲突了。
解决方法:移除MyEclipse自带的Java EE 5 Libraries,自己新建一个user libraries,加入Java EE中的jsf-api.jar、jsf-impl.jar和jstl-1.2.jar,再加入Tomcat中自带的 servlet-api.jar
用servlet-api.jar替换掉javaee.jar就没问题了。
测试代码:
package cn.luxh.app.test; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import cn.luxh.app.domain.User; import cn.luxh.app.service.UserService; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration({"/applicationContext.xml"}) public class UserTest { @Autowired private UserService userService; //保存用户 @Test public void testSaveUser() { User user = new User(); user.setAccount("LiHuai"); user.setName("李坏"); user.setPassword("123456"); userService.saveUser(user); } //根据id查找用户 @Test public void testFindUserById() { Integer id = 1; User user = userService.findUserById(id); Assert.assertEquals("李坏",user.getName()); } //更新用户 @Test public void testUpdateUser() { Integer id = 1; User user = userService.findUserById(id); user.setName("李寻欢"); userService.updateUser(user); } //根据id删除用户 @Test public void testDeleteUserById() { Integer id = 1; userService.deleteUserById(id); } }
使用Spring Data JPA相当的简单,我们只需要定义持久层的接口,不需要编写实现代码。
步骤和注意点:
1)在spring配置文件中添加仓库接口的扫描路径 <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.luxh.app.repository"/>
2)编写领域实体,需要按照JPA规范
3)编写仓库Repository<T,ID>接口,依靠Spring Data规范定义接口方法。
比如按照规范定义一个数据访问接口方法 List<User> findByName(String name);
Spring Data JPA 就会自动转化为 select u from User u where u.name = ?1
可以使用的仓库接口有:
Repository: 是 Spring Data的一个核心接口,它不提供任何方法,开发者需要在自己定义的接口中声明需要的方法。
CrudRepository: 继承Repository,提供增删改查方法,可以直接调用。
PagingAndSortingRepository: 继承CrudRepository,具有分页查询和排序功能
JpaRepository: 继承PagingAndSortingRepository,针对JPA技术提供的接口
JpaSpecificationExecutor: 可以执行原生SQL查询