峰哥解决粘包的方式
峰哥解决粘包的方法
为字节流加上自定义固定长度报头,报头中包含字节流长度,然后一次send到对端,对端在接收时,先从缓存中取出定长的报头,然后再取真实数据
struct模块
该模块可以把一个类型,如数字,转成固定长度的bytes
>> > struct.pack('i', 1111111111111)
。。。。。。。。。
struct.error: 'i'
format
requires - 2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647 # 这个是范围
import json, struct # 假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt # 为避免粘包,必须自定制报头 header = {'file_size': 1073741824000, 'file_name': '/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt', 'md5': '8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} # 1T数据,文件路径和md5值 # 为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为bytes head_bytes = bytes(json.dumps(header), encoding='utf-8') # 序列化并转成bytes,用于传输 # 为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节 head_len_bytes = struct.pack('i', len(head_bytes)) # 这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度 # 客户端开始发送 conn.send(head_len_bytes) # 先发报头的长度,4个bytes conn.send(head_bytes) # 再发报头的字节格式 conn.sendall(文件内容) # 然后发真实内容的字节格式 # 服务端开始接收 head_len_bytes = s.recv(4) # 先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式 x = struct.unpack('i', head_len_bytes)[0] # 提取报头的长度 head_bytes = s.recv(x) # 按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式 header = json.loads(json.dumps(header)) # 提取报头 # 最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如 real_data_len = s.recv(header['file_size']) s.recv(real_data_len)
# struct的用法
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_ # http://www.cnblogs.com/coser/archive/2011/12/17/2291160.html __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' import struct import binascii import ctypes values1 = (1, 'abc'.encode('utf-8'), 2.7) values2 = ('defg'.encode('utf-8'), 101) s1 = struct.Struct('I3sf') s2 = struct.Struct('4sI') print(s1.size, s2.size) prebuffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(s1.size + s2.size) print('Before : ', binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)) # t=binascii.hexlify('asdfaf'.encode('utf-8')) # print(t) s1.pack_into(prebuffer, 0, *values1) s2.pack_into(prebuffer, s1.size, *values2) print('After pack', binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)) print(s1.unpack_from(prebuffer, 0)) print(s2.unpack_from(prebuffer, s1.size)) s3 = struct.Struct('ii') s3.pack_into(prebuffer, 0, 123, 123) print('After pack', binascii.hexlify(prebuffer)) print(s3.unpack_from(prebuffer, 0))
自定义报头
# 服务端
import socket, struct, json import subprocess phone = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 就是它,在bind前加 phone.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) phone.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = phone.accept() while True: cmd = conn.recv(1024) if not cmd: break print('cmd: %s' % cmd) res = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err = res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg = err else: back_msg = res.stdout.read() conn.send(struct.pack('i', len(back_msg))) # 先发back_msg的长度 conn.sendall(back_msg) # 在发真实的内容 conn.close()
# 客户端 # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' import socket, time, struct s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) res = s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) while True: msg = input('>>: ').strip() if len(msg) == 0: continue if msg == 'quit': break s.send(msg.encode('utf-8')) l = s.recv(4) x = struct.unpack('i', l)[0] print(type(x), x) # print(struct.unpack('I',l)) r_s = 0 data = b'' while r_s < x: r_d = s.recv(1024) data += r_d r_s += len(r_d) # print(data.decode('utf-8')) print(data.decode('gbk')) # windows默认gbk编码
我们可以把报头做成字典,字典里包含将要发送的真实数据的详细信息,然后json序列化,然后用struck将序列化后的数据长度打包成4个字节(4个自己足够用了)
发送时:
先发报头长度
再编码报头内容然后发送
最后发真实内容
接收时:
先手报头长度,用struct取出来
根据取出的长度收取报头内容,然后解码,反序列化
从反序列化的结果中取出待取数据的详细信息,然后去取真实的数据内容
#服务端定制复杂的报头 import socket, struct, json import subprocess phone = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 就是它,在bind前加 phone.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080)) phone.listen(5) while True: conn, addr = phone.accept() while True: cmd = conn.recv(1024) if not cmd: break print('cmd: %s' % cmd) res = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err = res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg = err else: back_msg = res.stdout.read() headers = {'data_size': len(back_msg)} head_json = json.dumps(headers) head_json_bytes = bytes(head_json, encoding='utf-8') conn.send(struct.pack('i', len(head_json_bytes))) # 先发报头的长度 conn.send(head_json_bytes) # 再发报头 conn.sendall(back_msg) # 在发真实的内容 conn.close()
# 客户端 from socket import * import struct, json ip_port = ('127.0.0.1', 8080) client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) client.connect(ip_port) while True: cmd = input('>>: ') if not cmd: continue client.send(bytes(cmd, encoding='utf-8')) head = client.recv(4) head_json_len = struct.unpack('i', head)[0] head_json = json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8')) data_len = head_json['data_size'] recv_size = 0 recv_data = b'' while recv_size < data_len: recv_data += client.recv(1024) recv_size += len(recv_data) print(recv_data.decode('utf-8')) # print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码