python: openpyxl操作Excel
1、 安装
pip install openpyxl
想要在文件中插入图片文件，需要安装pillow，安装文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
· font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等
· fill(填充类)：颜色等
· border(边框类)：设置单元格边框
· alignment(位置类)：对齐方式
· number_format(格式类)：数据格式
· protection(保护类)：写保护
2、创建一个excel 文件，并写入不同类的内容
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() #创建文件对象 # grab the active worksheet ws = wb.active #获取第一个sheet # Data can be assigned directly to cells ws['A1'] = 42 #写入数字 ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文（unicode中文也可） # Rows can also be appended ws.append([1, 2, 3]) #写入多个单元格 # Python types will automatically be converted import datetime import time ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #写入一个当前时间 #写入一个自定义的时间格式 ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime()) # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
3、 创建sheet
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet ws1.title = "New Title" #设定一个sheet的名字 ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) #设定sheet的插入位置 默认插在后面 ws2.title = u"你好" #设定一个sheet的名字 必须是Unicode ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" #设定sheet的标签的背景颜色 #获取某个sheet对象 print wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"你好" ) print wb["New Title" ] #获取全部sheet 的名字，遍历sheet名字 print wb.sheetnames for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames: print sheet_name print "*"*50 for sheet in wb: print sheet.title #复制一个sheet wb["New Title" ]["A1"]="zeke" source = wb["New Title" ] target = wb.copy_worksheet(source) # w3 = wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']) # ws3.title = 'new2' # wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']).title = 'hello' # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
4、 操作单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet ws1["A1"]=123.11 ws1["B2"]="你好" d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10) print ws1["A1"].value print ws1["B2"].value print d.value # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
5、 操作批量的单元格
无论ws.rows还是ws.iter_rows都是一个对象
除上述两个对象外 单行，单列都是一个元祖，多行多列是二维元祖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet ws1["A1"]=1 ws1["A2"]=2 ws1["A3"]=3 ws1["B1"]=4 ws1["B2"]=5 ws1["B3"]=6 ws1["C1"]=7 ws1["C2"]=8 ws1["C3"]=9 #操作单列 print ws1["A"] for cell in ws1["A"]: print cell.value #操作多列,获取每一个值 print ws1["A:C"] for column in ws1["A:C"]: for cell in column: print cell.value #操作多行 row_range = ws1[1:3] print row_range for row in row_range: for cell in row: print cell.value print "*"*50 for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3): for cell in row: print cell.value #获取所有行 print ws1.rows for row in ws1.rows: print row print "*"*50 #获取所有列 print ws1.columns for col in ws1.columns: print col wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
使用百分数
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') wb.guess_types = True ws=wb.active ws["D1"]="12%" print ws["D1"].value # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx") #结果会打印小数 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') wb.guess_types = False ws=wb.active ws["D1"]="12%" print ws["D1"].value wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx") #结果会打印百分数
获取所有的行对象：
#coding=utf-8 from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws=wb.active rows=[] for row in ws.iter_rows(): rows.append(row) print rows #所有行 print rows[0] #获取第一行 print rows[0][0] #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象 print rows[0][0].value #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象的值 print rows[len(rows)-1] #获取最后行 print rows[-1] print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1] #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象 print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1].value #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象的值
获取所有的列对象：
#coding=utf-8 from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws=wb.active cols=[] cols = [] for col in ws.iter_cols(): cols.append(col) print cols #所有列 print cols[0] #获取第一列 print cols[0][0] #获取第一列的第一行的单元格对象 print cols[0][0].value #获取第一列的第一行的值 print "*"*30 print cols[len(cols)-1] #获取最后一列 print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1] #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象 print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1].value #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象的值
6、 操作已经存在的文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') wb.guess_types = True #猜测格式类型 ws=wb.active ws["D1"]="12%" print ws["D1"].value # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx") #注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失
7、 单元格类型
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook import datetime wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws=wb.active wb.guess_types = True ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21) print ws["A1"].number_format ws["A2"]="12%" print ws["A2"].number_format ws["A3"]= 1.1 print ws["A4"].number_format ws["A4"]= "中国" print ws["A5"].number_format # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx") 执行结果： yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss 0% General General #如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0% 数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型
8、 使用公式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active ws1["A1"]=1 ws1["A2"]=2 ws1["A3"]=3 ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)" ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)" print ws1["A4"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值 print ws1["A5"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
9、 合并单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active ws.merge_cells('A2:D2') ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') #合并后的单元格，脚本单独执行拆分操作会报错，需要重新执行合并操作再拆分 # or equivalently ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4) ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4) # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
10、插入一个图片
需要先安装Pilow,安全文件是：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active img = Image('e:\\1.png') ws1.add_image(img, 'A1') # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
11、 隐藏单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隐藏a到d列范围内的列 #ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
12、 画一个柱状图
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active for i in range(10): ws.append([i]) values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10) chart = BarChart() chart.add_data(values) ws.add_chart(chart, "E15") # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
13、 画一个饼图
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference) from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint data = [ ['Pie', 'Sold'], ['Apple', 50], ['Cherry', 30], ['Pumpkin', 10], ['Chocolate', 40], ] wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active for row in data: ws.append(row) pie = PieChart() labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5) data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5) pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True) pie.set_categories(labels) pie.title = "Pies sold by category" # Cut the first slice out of the pie slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20) pie.series[0].data_points = [slice] ws.add_chart(pie, "D1") ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection") data = [ ['Page', 'Views'], ['Search', 95], ['Products', 4], ['Offers', 0.5], ['Sales', 0.5], ] for row in data: ws.append(row) projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart() projected_pie.type = "pie" projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5) data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5) projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True) projected_pie.set_categories(labels) ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10") from copy import deepcopy projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie) projected_bar.type = "bar" projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27") # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
14、 设定一个表格区域，并设定表格的格式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active data = [ ['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000], ['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000], ['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000], ['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700], ] # add column headings. NB. these must be strings ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"]) for row in data: ws.append(row) tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5") # Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True, showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True) #第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否··· #是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色 tab.tableStyleInfo = style ws.add_table(tab) # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
15、给单元格设定字体颜色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import colors from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active a1 = ws['A1'] d4 = ws['D4'] ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色 a1.font = ft d4.font = ft # If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it:: #italic 倾斜字体 a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1 a1.value = "abc" # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
16、设定字体和大小
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import colors from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active a1 = ws['A1'] d4 = ws['D4'] a1.value = "abc" from openpyxl.styles import Font from copy import copy ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14) ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象 ft2.name = "Tahoma" print ft1.name print ft2.name print ft2.size # copied from the a1.font = ft1 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
17、设定行和列的字体
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active col = ws.column_dimensions['A'] col.font = Font(bold=True) #将A列设定为粗体 row = ws.row_dimensions[1] row.font = Font(underline="single") #将第一行设定为下划线格式 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
18、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight") highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100") highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充 bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000") highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd) print dir(ws["A1"]) ws["A1"].style =highlight # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
19、常用的样式和属性设置
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑', size=11, bold=False, italic=False, vertAlign=None, underline='none', strike=False, color='FF000000') fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid", start_color='FFEEFFFF', end_color='FF001100') #边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin'] #diagonal 表示对角线 bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF001000'), right=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), top=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), bottom=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), diagonal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), diagonal_direction=0, outline=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), vertical=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), horizontal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF110000') ) alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general', vertical='bottom', text_rotation=0, wrap_text=False, shrink_to_fit=False, indent=0) number_format = 'General' protection = Protection(locked=True, hidden=False) ws["B5"].font = ft ws["B5"].fill =fill ws["B5"].border = bd ws["B5"].alignment = alignment ws["B5"].number_format = number_format ws["B5"].value ="zeke" # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
