iptables 常用命令

iptables常用指令

作者：elfin   参考资料来源：iptables指令、老男孩

目录

关于iptables的介绍可以参考资料来源的视频介绍。

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1、查看版本与帮助信息

$ iptables -V # 查看版本信息 
iptables v1.6.1

$ iptables -h # 查看帮助信息
iptables v1.6.1

Usage: iptables -[ACD] chain rule-specification [options]
       iptables -I chain [rulenum] rule-specification [options]
       iptables -R chain rulenum rule-specification [options]
       iptables -D chain rulenum [options]
       iptables -[LS] [chain [rulenum]] [options]
       iptables -[FZ] [chain] [options]
       iptables -[NX] chain
       iptables -E old-chain-name new-chain-name
       iptables -P chain target [options]
       iptables -h (print this help information)

Commands:
Either long or short options are allowed.
  --append  -A chain		Append to chain
  --check   -C chain		Check for the existence of a rule
  --delete  -D chain		Delete matching rule from chain
  --delete  -D chain rulenum
				Delete rule rulenum (1 = first) from chain
  --insert  -I chain [rulenum]
				Insert in chain as rulenum (default 1=first)
  --replace -R chain rulenum
				Replace rule rulenum (1 = first) in chain
  --list    -L [chain [rulenum]]
				List the rules in a chain or all chains
  --list-rules -S [chain [rulenum]]
				Print the rules in a chain or all chains
  --flush   -F [chain]		删除所有链的规则(默认的会保留)
  --zero    -Z [chain [rulenum]]
				链的计数器清零
  --new     -N chain		自定义链
  --delete-chain
            -X [chain]		删除自定义的链
  --policy  -P chain target
				Change policy on chain to target
  --rename-chain
            -E old-chain new-chain
				Change chain name, (moving any references)
Options:
    --ipv4	-4		Nothing (line is ignored by ip6tables-restore)
    --ipv6	-6		Error (line is ignored by iptables-restore)
[!] --protocol	-p proto	protocol: by number or name, eg. `tcp'
[!] --source	-s address[/mask][...]
				source specification
[!] --destination -d address[/mask][...]
				destination specification
[!] --in-interface -i input name[+]
				network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
 --jump	-j target
				target for rule (may load target extension)
				基本的处理行为：ACCEPT(接受)、DROP(丢弃)、REJECT(拒绝)
  --goto      -g chain
                              jump to chain with no return
  --match	-m match
				extended match (may load extension)
  --numeric	-n		numeric output of addresses and ports
[!] --out-interface -o output name[+]
				network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
  --table	-t table	table to manipulate (default: `filter')
  --verbose	-v		verbose mode
  --wait	-w [seconds]	maximum wait to acquire xtables lock before give up
  --wait-interval -W [usecs]	wait time to try to acquire xtables lock
				default is 1 second
  --line-numbers		print line numbers when listing
  --exact	-x		expand numbers (display exact values)
[!] --fragment	-f		match second or further fragments only
  --modprobe=<command>		try to insert modules using this command
  --set-counters PKTS BYTES	set the counter during insert/append
[!] --version	-V		print package version.

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2、iptables查看表

$ sudo iptables --list

这个命令和我们常见的sudo iptables -L是等价的，就是以列表显示表格，注意这里默认 显示的是filter表格。在帮助信息的Commands字段下，有很多这种全拼与简写的对应。

实际上在使用的时候我们常常使用-L -n这样显示的会更易读：

$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER-USER  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain DOCKER (4 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            172.18.0.2           tcp dpt:50059
……
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            172.18.0.5           tcp dpt:22

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (2 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DROP       all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
DROP       all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           

Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

如上，INPUT、FORWARD、OUTPUT三个链是没有配置的，这里关于DOCKER的链是docker启动容器默认配置的。(注，加-n会显示IP地址)

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3、添加规则

$ sudo iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10010 -j DROP
$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DROP       tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:10010

给filter的INPUT表加一条禁止10010的规则，从返回信息的片段可以看出10010端口被禁用了！

使用-I进行添加会添加在链的开头(第一条)，封ip要使用-I，因为规则是从上到下 验证！你也可以在INPUT后接一个索引数字，指定插入到第几条规则。

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4、清除某条规则

$ sudo iptables -t filter -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 10010 -j DROP
$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

这里我们直接使用-D进行删除。

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完！

posted @ 2021-08-06 17:47  巴蜀秀才  阅读(645)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报