使用 cookie 简化登陆操作

　　通过selenium库请求拿到目标网站的cookie，然后用cookie去请求目标网站，可以省略登陆操作

以微博为例，先获取登陆的cookie：

import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def save_cookie(the_cookie):  #  直接将获取的cookie保存到json文件
    with open('sina_cookie.txt', 'w') as f:
        json.dump(the_cookie, f)


def save_cookies(the_cookies):  #  传入的数据是 ：将获取到的cookie用字典保存它的 name 和 value
    with open('sina_cookies.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(json.dumps(the_cookies))


driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=http%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F')
driver.maximize_window()

WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="loginName"]')))

try:
    username = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="loginName"]')
    username.clear()
    username.send_keys('用户名')
    time.sleep(1.3)
    pwd = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="loginPassword"]')
    pwd.clear()
    pwd.send_keys('密码')
    time.sleep(2)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="loginAction"]').click()
    WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//p[@data-node="title"]')))
    print(driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[@data-node="title"]'))

    cookie = driver.get_cookies()
    cookies = {}
    for item in cookie:
        cookies[item.get('name')] = item.get('value')
    save_cookie(cookie)
    print('cookie:\n', cookie)
    save_cookies(cookies)
    print('cookies:\n', cookies)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    pass
finally:
    driver.close()

　　使用requests请求时带上cookie，可以直接登陆首页而不需要设置登陆操作。这里可能出问题，可以采用：

在请求之前一定要先请求一下目标网站。

import json
import requests

with open('sina_cookies.txt') as f:
    cookies = json.load(f)
    print(cookies)

url = 'https://weibo.cn'
result = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(result.text)
if '用户名' in result.text:
    print('cookie调试成功')

这里要注意的是我们drvier.get_cookies()获取到的cookie信息是如下的形式：