Django Rest Framework

什么是Restful
REST代表的是一种软件架构风格,REST是Representational State Transfer的简称,中文翻译为“表征状态转移”。
REST从资源的角度类审视整个网络,将分布的网络中某个节点的资源通过URL进行标识,客户端应用通过URL来获取资源的表征,获得这些表征只是这些应用转变状态。
所有的数据,无论是通过网络获取的还是操作(增删改查)的数据,都是资源,将一切数据视为资源是REST区别其他架构风格的最本质属性。
对于REST这种面向资源的架构风格,即:面向资源架构(ROA:Resource Oriented Architecture)。

Restful API设计规范
  -API与用户的通信协议,总是使用HTTPs协议
  -域名
    应该尽量将API部署在专用域名之下,如:https://api.example.com
    如果确定API很简单也可以放在主域名下:https://example.org/api/
  -版本
    应将API的版本号放入URL
    https://api.example.com/v1/
    方法有很多,可将版本号放在HTTP头信息中,但不如放入URL方便和直观
  -路径 网络上的任何东西都是资源,均使用名词表示(可复数)
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos
    https://api.example.com/v1/animals
  -HTTP动词
    对资源的具体操作类型,有HTTP动词表示,常用的HTTP动词有下面五种(括号为sql命令)
    GET (SELECT):从服务器取出资源(一项或多项)
    POST (CREATE):在服务器新建一个资源
    PUT (UPDATE):在服务器更新资源(客户端提供改变后的完整资源)
    PATCH (UPDATE):在服务器更新资源(客户端提供改变的属性)
    DELETE (DELETE):从服务器删除资源
    下面是一些例子。
    GET /zoos:列出所有动物园
    POST /zoos:新建一个动物园
    GET /zoos/ID:获取某个指定动物园的信息
    PUT /zoos/ID:更新某个指定动物园的信息(提供该动物园的全部信息)
    PATCH /zoos/ID:更新某个指定动物园的信息(提供该动物园的部分信息)
    DELETE /zoos/ID:删除某个动物园
    GET /zoos/ID/animals:列出某个指定动物园的所有动物
    DELETE /zoos/ID/animals/ID:删除某个指定动物园的指定动物
  -过滤 如果记录数据很多,服务器不可能将它们返回给用户,API应提供参数过滤返回
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?limit=10:指定返回记录的数量
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?offset=10:指定返回记录的开始位置
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?page=2&per_page=100:指定第几页,以及每页的记录数
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?sortby=name&order=asc:指定返回结果按照哪个属性排序,以及排序顺序
    https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?animal_type_id=1:指定筛选条件
    参数的设计允许存在冗余,即允许API路径和URL参数偶尔有重复。比如,GET /zoo/ID/animals 与 GET /animals?zoo_id=ID 的含义是相同的
  -状态码 服务器向用户返回的状态码和提示信息,常见的有以下一些(方括号中是该状态码对应的HTTP动词)。
    200 OK - [GET]:服务器成功返回用户请求的数据,该操作是幂等的(Idempotent)。
    201 CREATED - [POST/PUT/PATCH]:用户新建或修改数据成功。
    202 Accepted - [*]:表示一个请求已经进入后台排队(异步任务)
    204 NO CONTENT - [DELETE]:用户删除数据成功。
    400 INVALID REQUEST - [POST/PUT/PATCH]:用户发出的请求有错误,服务器没有进行新建或修改数据的操作,该操作是幂等的。
    401 Unauthorized - [*]:表示用户没有权限(令牌、用户名、密码错误)。
    403 Forbidden - [*] 表示用户得到授权(与401错误相对),但是访问是被禁止的。
    404 NOT FOUND - [*]:用户发出的请求针对的是不存在的记录,服务器没有进行操作,该操作是幂等的。
    406 Not Acceptable - [GET]:用户请求的格式不可得(比如用户请求JSON格式,但是只有XML格式)。
    410 Gone -[GET]:用户请求的资源被永久删除,且不会再得到的。
    422 Unprocesable entity - [POST/PUT/PATCH] 当创建一个对象时,发生一个验证错误。
    500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR - [*]:服务器发生错误,用户将无法判断发出的请求是否成功。

  -错误处理
    {
      code:123456,
      error:"error info"
    }
  -返回结果 针对不同操作,服务器向用户返回的结果应符合以下规范
    GET /collection:返回资源对象的列表(数组)
    GET /collection/resource:返回单个资源对象
    POST /collection:返回新生成的资源对象
    PUT /collection/resource:返回完整的资源对象
    PATCH /collection/resource:返回完整的资源对象
    DELETE /collection/resource:返回一个空文档
  -Hypermedia API
    RESTful API最好做到Hypermedia,即返回结果中提供链接,连向其他API方法,使得用户不查文档,也知道下一步应该做什么。
    比如,当用户向api.example.com的根目录发出请求,会得到这样一个文档。
    {"link": {
      "rel": "collection https://www.example.com/zoos",
      "href": "https://api.example.com/zoos",
      "title": "List of zoos",
      "type": "application/vnd.yourformat+json"
    }}

基于Django实现

 1 路由系统
 2     urlpatterns = [
 3         url(r'^users', Users.as_view()),
 4     ]
 5 CBV视图
 6     from django.views import View
 7     from django.http import JsonResponse
 8      
 9     class Users(View):
10         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
11             result = {
12                 'status': True,
13                 'data': 'response data'
14             }
15             return JsonResponse(result, status=200)
16      
17         def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
18             result = {
19                 'status': True,
20                 'data': 'response data'
21             }
22             return JsonResponse(result, status=200)

基于Django Rest Framework框架实现

1.序列化

自定义序列化类

 

1 from rest_framework import serializers
2     class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
3         name = serializers.CharField()
4         email = serializers.CharField()

自定义外键关联序列化类

 1      class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
 2          title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
 3          price = serializers.IntegerField()
 4          pub_date = serializers.DateField()
 5          publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")#一对多字段
 6          #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
 7          authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()#多对多字段
 8          def get_authors(self,obj):#get_authors return的数据就是返回的json中authors值
 9              temp=[]
10              for obj in obj.authors.all():
11                  temp.append(obj.name)
12              return temp
13     # '''
14     # 序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程:
15     #      temp=[]
16     #      for obj in book_list:
17     #          temp.append({
18     #             "title":obj.title,
19     #             "price":obj.price,
20     #             "pub_date":obj.pub_date,
21     #             "publish":str(obj.publish), # obj.publish.name
22     #             #"authors":obj.authors.all,
23     #             "authors": get_authors(obj)
24     #          })
25     # '''

view

 1     class PublishView(APIView):
 2         def get(self,request):
 3             '''序列化'''
 4             # 方式1:queryset对象通过list()转换成json对象
 5             # publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))
 6             # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))
 7 
 8             # 方式2:model_to_dict把一个model对象转换成字段的方法
 9             # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
10             # publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
11             # temp=[]
12             # for obj in publish_list:
13             #     temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))
14             # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))
15 
16             # 方式3:通过Django的序列化组件serializers(和rest_framework没关系)
17             # from django.core import serializers
18             # publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
19             # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
20             # return HttpResponse(ret)
21 
22             # 方式4 rest_framework对queryset和model对象序列化(通过自定义序列化类实现)
23             publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
24             ps = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
25             # many=True 声明是queryset多条数据,默认many=Flase
26             return HttpResponse(ps.data)
27 
28         def post(self,request):
29             print("request.data",request.data)
30             return HttpResponse("POST")
View Code

单条数据序列化

 1 路由部分
 2     urlpatterns = [
 3         path('books/',views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
 4         re_path(r'^books/(\d+)/$',views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detailbook"),
 5     ]
 6     视图部分
 7     class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 8         class Meta:
 9             model = Book
10             fields = "__all__"
11         
12         #HyperlinkedIdentityField属性 获取对应的链接地址 {"publish": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishes/3/"}
13         #view_name 通过函数的name获取url lookup_field 传入的id  lookup_url_kwarg id替换的位置
14         publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
15             view_name="detailpublish",
16             lookup_field="publish_id",
17             lookup_url_kwarg="pk"
18         )
19         
20     class BookDetailView(APIView):
21     # 单条数据操作
22     def get(self,request,id):
23         book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
24         bs=BookModelSerializers(book)#model对象不用加many
25         return Response(bs.data)
26     def put(self,request,id):
27         book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
28         bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
29         #序列化类传入model对象和前端提交的数据
30         #序列化类可以双向数据转换
31         if bs.is_valid():
32             bs.save()
33             return Response(bs.data)
34         else:
35             return Response(bs.errors)
36     def delete(self,request,id):
37         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
38         return Response()
View Code

视图mixins

 1 路由部分
 2         urlpatterns = [
 3             path('authors/',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),
 4             re_path(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detailauthor"),
 5         ]
 6         
 7         视图部分
 8         class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 9             class Meta:
10                 model = Author
11                 fields = "__all__"
12         一.
13         # from rest_framework import mixins
14         # from rest_framework import generics
15         # class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
16         #     #指定queryset,serializers为queryset对象和序列画的类,且名称固定
17         #     queryset=Author.objects.all()
18         #     serializer_class=AuthorModelSerializers
19         #
20         #     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
21         #         return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
22         #     def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
23         #         return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)
24         #
25         #
26         # class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
27         #                        generics.GenericAPIView):
28         #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
29         #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
30         #     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
31         #         return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
32         #     def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
33         #         return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)
34         #     def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
35         #         return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
36         二.对上面的进一步封装
37         # from rest_framework import mixins
38         # from rest_framework import generics
39         #
40         # class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
41         #     queryset=Author.objects.all()
42         #     serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
43         #
44         # class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
45         #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
46         #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
47 viewsets(更进一步的封装)
48     
49     路由部分
50     urlpatterns = [
51         path('authors/',views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
52         re_path(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),
53     ]
54     
55     视图部分
56     class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
57         class Meta:
58             model = Author
59             fields = "__all__"
60     
61     from rest_framework import viewsets
62 
63     class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
64         queryset = Author.objects.all()
65         serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
66 
67     # def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
68     #     #自定义方法
69     #     pass
View Code

2.登录

 1 #用户登录成功会创建或更新token值
 2     def get_random_str(user):
 3         #根据用户名和时间返回随机字token值
 4         import hashlib,time
 5         ctime=str(time.time())
 6         md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
 7         md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))
 8         return md5.hexdigest()
 9 
10     class LoginView(APIView):
11         def post(self,request):
12             name=request.data.get("name")
13             pwd=request.data.get("pwd")
14             user=User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()
15             res = {"state_code":1000,"msg":None}
16             if user:
17                 random_str=get_random_str(user.name)
18                 Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})
19                 res["token"]=random_str
20             else:
21                 res["state_code"]=1001
22                 res["msg"]="用户名密码错误"
23             return Response(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))

3.权限组件

 1 #自定义认证类
 2     from rest_framework import exceptions
 3     from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
 4     class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
 5         def authenticate(self,request):
 6             token = request.GET.get("token")
 7             token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
 8             if not token_obj:
 9                 raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败123!")
10             else:
11                 return token_obj.user.name,token_obj.token
12 
13         #继承了BaseAuthentication所有下面可以注释
14         # def authenticate_header(self, request):
15         #     pass
16     
17     #局部认证
18     class BookView(APIView):
19         authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,]
20     
21     #全局认证
22     setting.py
23     
24     REST_FRAMEWORK = {
25         "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.TokenAuth",]# 全局认证 TokenAuth路径
26     }

4.权限组件

 1 model
 2     class User(models.Model):
 3         name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 4         pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 5         type_choices=((1,"普通用户"),(2,"VIP"),(3,"SVIP"))
 6         user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=1)
 7         
 8     自定义权限类
 9     class SVIPPermission(object):
10     message="只有超级用户才能访问"#自定义返回信息
11     def has_permission(self,request,view):
12         username=request.user
13         token = request.auth
14         #print(username,token)认证组件的返回值为 user.name , token 
15         user_type=User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_type
16 
17         if user_type==3:
18 
19             return True # 通过权限认证
20         else:
21             return False
22     
23     局部权限
24     views
25     class BookView(APIView):
26         authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,]#认证
27         permission_classes = [SVIPPermission, ]#权限
28     全局权限
29     setting.py
30     REST_FRAMEWORK = {
31         "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.TokenAuth",]# 全局认证 TokenAuth路径
32         "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.SVIPPermission",],#全局权限
33     }

5.频率组件

局部频率限制限制

 1 rom rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
 2 
 3     VISIT_RECORD={}
 4     class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
 5 
 6         def __init__(self):
 7             self.history=None
 8 
 9         def allow_request(self,request,view):
10             remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
11             print(remote_addr)
12             import time
13             ctime=time.time()
14 
15             if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
16                 VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
17                 return True
18 
19             history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
20             self.history=history
21 
22             while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
23                 history.pop()
24 
25             if len(history)<3:
26                 history.insert(0,ctime)
27                 return True
28             else:
29                 return False
30 
31         def wait(self):
32             import time
33             ctime=time.time()
34             return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])
35     
36     
37     from app01.service.throttles import *
38 
39         class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
40             throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]
View Code

全局频率限制

 1 频率限制类
 2     class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
 3         scope="visit_rate"
 4         def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
 5             return self.get_ident(request)
 6     
 7     setting.py
 8     REST_FRAMEWORK={
 9         "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
10         "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
11             "visit_rate":"5/m",
12         }
13     }
View Code

6.解析器 

 1 局部解析
 2     from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
 3     class BookView(APIView):
 4         #parser_classes = [FormParser,]#解析器(默认JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser)
 5     
 6     全局解析
 7     REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 8         #定义全局解析
 9         # 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [ 
10         #     'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser'
11         #     'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser'
12         #     'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'
13         # ]
14     }
15     
16     仅上传文件
17     url
18     from django.conf.urls import url, include
19     from web.views import TestView
20 
21     urlpatterns = [
22         url(r'test/(?P<filename>[^/]+)', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
23     ]
24     
25     views
26     from rest_framework.views import APIView
27     from rest_framework.response import Response
28     from rest_framework.request import Request
29     from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser
30 
31 
32     class TestView(APIView):
33         parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ]
34 
35         def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs):
36             print(filename)
37             print(request.content_type)
38 
39             # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
40             print(request.data)
41             # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
42             print(request.POST)
43             print(request.FILES)
44             return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
45 
46         def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
47             return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')    
48 
49     template
50     <!DOCTYPE html>
51     <html lang="en">
52     <head>
53         <meta charset="UTF-8">
54         <title>Title</title>
55     </head>
56     <body>
57     <form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
58         <input type="text" name="user" />
59         <input type="file" name="img">
60 
61         <input type="submit" value="提交">
62 
63     </form>
64     </body>
65     </html>
View Code

7.url路由控制

自定义路由

 1 from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2     from web.views import s11_render
 3     urlpatterns = [
 4         url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
 5         url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
 6         url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),
 7         url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view())
 8     ]
 9     
10     from rest_framework.views import APIView
11     from rest_framework.response import Response
12     from .. import models
13     class TestView(APIView):
14         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
15             print(kwargs)
16             print(self.renderer_classes)
17             return Response('...')
View Code

半自动路由

 1 from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2     from web.views import s10_generic
 3 
 4     urlpatterns = [
 5         url(r'^test/$', s10_generic.UserViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
 6         url(r'^test/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', s10_generic.UserViewSet.as_view(
 7             {'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
 8     ]
 9 
10     from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
11     from rest_framework import serializers
12     from .. import models
13 
14     class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
15         class Meta:
16             model = models.UserInfo
17             fields = "__all__"
18 
19     class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
20         queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
21         serializer_class = UserSerializer
View Code

全自动路由

 1 from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2     from rest_framework import routers
 3     from web.views import s10_generic
 4 
 5 
 6     router = routers.DefaultRouter()
 7     router.register(r'users', s10_generic.UserViewSet)
 8 
 9     urlpatterns = [
10         url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
11     ]
12 
13     from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
14     from rest_framework import serializers
15     from .. import models
16 
17 
18     class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
19         class Meta:
20             model = models.UserInfo
21             fields = "__all__"
22 
23 
24     class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
25         queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
26         serializer_class = UserSerializer
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8.分页组件(可在setting全局配置)

根据页码进行分页

 1 from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
 2     class ResultsPagination(PageNumberPagination):
 3         page_size = 2 #默认每页显示多少条数据
 4         page_size_query_param = "page_size" #获取URL参数设置的每页显示数据条数
 5         page_query_param = "page" #获取URL参数中传入的页码
 6         max_page_size = 1 #最大支持的每页显示的数据条数
 7 
 8     class BookView(APIView):
 9         def get(self,request):
10             book_list=Book.objects.all()
11             # 实例化分页对象,获取数据库中的分页数据
12             paginator = ResultsPagination()
13             page_user_list = paginator.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)
14             #把实例化得数据传入序列化组件
15             bs=BookModelSerializers(page_user_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
16             return Response(bs.data)
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根据位置和个数进行分页

 1 from rest_framework.pagination import LimiOffsetPagination
 2     class ResultsPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
 3         # 默认每页显示的数据条数
 4         default_limit = 10
 5         # URL中传入的显示数据条数的参数
 6         limit_query_param = 'limit'
 7         # URL中传入的数据位置的参数
 8         offset_query_param = 'offset'
 9         # 最大每页显得条数
10         max_limit = None
11     
12     class BookView(APIView):
13         def get(self,request):
14             book_list=Book.objects.all()
15             # 实例化分页对象,获取数据库中的分页数据
16             paginator = ResultsPagination()
17             page_user_list = paginator.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)
18             #把实例化得数据传入序列化组件
19             bs=BookModelSerializers(page_user_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
20             return Response(bs.data)
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9.版本

基于url的get传参方式

 1 REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 2         'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
 3         'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
 4         'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
 5     }
 6     
 7     from django.conf.urls import url, include
 8     from web.views import TestView
 9     urlpatterns = [
10         url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(),name='test'),
11     ]
12     
13     #!/usr/bin/env python
14     # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
15     from rest_framework.views import APIView
16     from rest_framework.response import Response
17     from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning
18     class TestView(APIView):
19         versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning
20         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
21             # 获取版本
22             print(request.version)
23             # 获取版本管理的类
24             print(request.versioning_scheme)
25             # 反向生成URL
26             reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
27             print(reverse_url)
28             return Response('GET请求,响应内容')
29         def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
30             return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
31         def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
32             return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
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基于url正则方式

 1 urls
 2     from django.conf.urls import url, include
 3     from web.views import TestView
 4 
 5     urlpatterns = [
 6         url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
 7     ]
 8 
 9     views
10     
11     from rest_framework.views import APIView
12     from rest_framework.response import Response
13     from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
14     class TestView(APIView):
15         versioning_class = URLPathVersioning
16 
17         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
18             # 获取版本
19             print(request.version)
20             # 获取版本管理的类
21             print(request.versioning_scheme)
22 
23             # 反向生成URL
24             reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
25             print(reverse_url)
26 
27             return Response('GET请求,响应内容')
28 
29         def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
30             return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
31 
32         def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
33             return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
34 
35     setting
36     REST_FRAMEWORK = {
37         'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
38         'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
39         'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
40     }
View Code

基于 accept 请求头方式

 1 REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 2         'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
 3         'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
 4         'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
 5     }
 6     
 7     from django.conf.urls import url, include
 8     from web.views import TestView
 9 
10     urlpatterns = [
11         url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
12     ]
13 
14     #!/usr/bin/env python
15     # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
16     from rest_framework.views import APIView
17     from rest_framework.response import Response
18     from rest_framework.versioning import AcceptHeaderVersioning
19 
20 
21     class TestView(APIView):
22         versioning_class = AcceptHeaderVersioning
23 
24         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
25             # 获取版本 HTTP_ACCEPT头
26             print(request.version)
27             # 获取版本管理的类
28             print(request.versioning_scheme)
29             # 反向生成URL
30             reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
31             print(reverse_url)
32 
33             return Response('GET请求,响应内容')
34 
35         def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
36             return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
37 
38         def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
39             return Response('PUT请求,响应内容') 
View Code

全局使用

 1 settings.py
 2     REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 3         'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
 4         'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',
 5         'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],
 6         'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' 
 7     }
 8     views
 9     from rest_framework.views import APIView
10     from rest_framework.response import Response
11     from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
12     class TestView(APIView):
13         def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
14             # 获取版本
15             print(request.version)
16             # 获取版本管理的类
17             print(request.versioning_scheme)
18 
19             # 反向生成URL
20             reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
21             print(reverse_url)
22 
23             return Response('GET请求,响应内容')
24 
25         def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
26             return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
27 
28         def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
29             return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
View Code

 

posted @ 2019-03-01 09:18  James_23  阅读(251)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报