python Queue模块使用
Python中,队列是线程间最常用的交换数据的形式。Queue模块是提供队列操作的模块,虽然简单易用,但是不小心的话,还是会出现一些意外。
创建一个“队列”对象
import Queue
q = Queue.Queue(maxsize = 10)
Queue.Queue类即是一个队列的同步实现。队列长度可为无限或者有限。可通过Queue的构造函数的可选参数maxsize来设定队列长度。如果maxsize小于1就表示队列长度无限。
将一个值放入队列中
q.put(10) put(item[, block[, timeout]])
将item放入队列中。
- 如果可选的参数block为True且timeout为空对象(默认的情况,阻塞调用,无超时)。
- 如果timeout是个正整数,阻塞调用进程最多timeout秒,如果一直无空空间可用,抛出Full异常(带超时的阻塞调用)。
- 如果block为False,如果有空闲空间可用将数据放入队列,否则立即抛出Full异常
其非阻塞版本为put_nowait
等同于put(item, False)
将一个值从队列中取出
q.get() get([block[, timeout]])
调用队列对象的get()方法从队头删除并返回一个项目。可选参数为block,默认为True。如果队列为空且block为True,get()就使调用线程暂停,直至有项目可用。如果队列为空且block为False,队列将引发Empty异常。
从队列中移除并返回一个数据。block跟timeout参数同put
方法
其非阻塞方法为`get_nowait()`相当与get(False)
Python Queue模块有三种队列及构造函数:
1、Python Queue模块的FIFO队列先进先出。 class Queue.Queue(maxsize)
2、LIFO类似于堆,即先进后出。 class Queue.LifoQueue(maxsize)
3、还有一种是优先级队列级别越低越先出来。 class Queue.PriorityQueue(maxsize)
此包中的常用方法(q = Queue.Queue()):
q.qsize() 返回队列的大小
q.empty() 如果队列为空,返回True,反之False
q.full() 如果队列满了,返回True,反之False
q.full 与 maxsize 大小对应
q.get([block[, timeout]]) 获取队列,timeout等待时间
q.get_nowait() 相当q.get(False)
非阻塞 q.put(item) 写入队列,timeout等待时间
q.put_nowait(item) 相当q.put(item, False)
q.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后,向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号,每一个get()调用得到一个任务,接下来的task_done()调用告诉队列该任务已经处理完毕。如果当前一个join()正在阻塞,它将在队列中的所有任务都处理完时恢复执行(即每一个由put()调用入队的任务都有一个对应的task_done()调用)。
q.join() 实际上意味着等到队列为空,再执行别的操作.阻塞调用线程,直到队列中的所有任务被处理掉。
只要有数据被加入队列,未完成的任务数就会增加。当消费者线程调用task_done()(意味着有消费者取得任务并完成任务),未完成的任务数就会减少。当未完成的任务数降到0,join()解除阻塞。
先进先出:
import Queue q = Queue.Queue(maxsize=5) for i in range(5): q.put(i) while not q.empty(): print q.get()
结果:
0 1 2 3 4
先进后出:
q = Queue.LifoQueue() for i in range(5): q.put(i) while not q.empty(): print q.get()
结果:
4 3 2 1 0
优先级:
#优先级队列 import Queue import threading class Job(object): def __init__(self, priority, description): self.priority = priority self.description = description print 'Job:',description return def __cmp__(self, other): #需要加上这个比较函数, return cmp(self.priority, other.priority) #Return negative if x<y, zero if x==y, positive if x>y. q = Queue.PriorityQueue() q.put(Job(3, 'mid-level job')) q.put(Job(10, 'low-level job')) q.put(Job(1, 'high-level job')) def process_job(q): while True: next_job = q.get() print 'for:', next_job.description q.task_done() workers = [threading.Thread(target=process_job, args=(q,)), threading.Thread(target=process_job, args=(q,)) ] for w in workers: w.setDaemon(True) #守护进程 w.start() q.join()
运行结果:
Job: mid-level job Job: low-level job Job: high-level job for: high-level job for: mid-level job for: low-level job
复杂一点的
实现一个线程不断生成一个随机数到一个队列中(考虑使用Queue这个模块)
实现一个线程从上面的队列里面不断的取出奇数
实现另外一个线程从上面的队列里面不断取出偶数
#!/usr/bin/python # coding=utf-8 # __author__='dahu' # data=2017- # import random, threading, time from Queue import Queue # Producer thread class Producer(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, t_name, queue): # threading.Thread.__init__(self, name=t_name) super(Producer,self).__init__(name=t_name) #两个都可以,倾向于这个 self.data = queue def run(self): for i in range(5): # 随机产生10个数字 ,可以修改为任意大小 randomnum = random.randint(1, 20) print "%s: %s is producing %d to the queue!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName(), randomnum) self.data.put(randomnum) # 将数据依次存入队列 time.sleep(1) print "%s: %s finished!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName()) # Consumer thread class Consumer_even(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, t_name, queue): # threading.Thread.__init__(self, name=t_name) super(Consumer_even, self).__init__(name=t_name) self.data = queue def run(self): while 1: try: val_even = self.data.get(1, 5) # get(self, block=True, timeout=None) ,1就是阻塞等待,5是超时5秒 if val_even % 2 == 0: print "%s: %s is consuming. %d in the queue is consumed!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName(), val_even) time.sleep(2) else: self.data.put(val_even) time.sleep(2) except: # 等待输入,超过5秒 就报异常 print "%s: %s finished!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName()) break class Consumer_odd(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, t_name, queue): threading.Thread.__init__(self, name=t_name) self.data = queue def run(self): while 1: try: val_odd = self.data.get(1, 5) if val_odd % 2 != 0: print "%s: %s is consuming. %d in the queue is consumed!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName(), val_odd) time.sleep(2) else: self.data.put(val_odd) time.sleep(2) except: print "%s: %s finished!" % (time.ctime(), self.getName()) break # Main thread def main(): queue = Queue() producer = Producer('Pro.', queue) consumer_even = Consumer_even('Con_even.', queue) consumer_odd = Consumer_odd('Con_odd.', queue) producer.start() consumer_even.start() consumer_odd.start() producer.join() consumer_even.join() consumer_odd.join() print 'All threads terminate!' if __name__ == '__main__': main()
结果:
/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/dahu/PycharmProjects/SpiderLearning/request_lianxi/t9.queue.thread.py Tue Aug 22 16:12:25 2017: Pro. is producing 15 to the queue! Tue Aug 22 16:12:25 2017: Con_odd. is consuming. 15 in the queue is consumed! Tue Aug 22 16:12:26 2017: Pro. is producing 17 to the queue! Tue Aug 22 16:12:27 2017: Pro. is producing 2 to the queue! Tue Aug 22 16:12:27 2017: Con_odd. is consuming. 17 in the queue is consumed! Tue Aug 22 16:12:28 2017: Pro. is producing 15 to the queue! Tue Aug 22 16:12:29 2017: Con_even. is consuming. 2 in the queue is consumed! Tue Aug 22 16:12:29 2017: Con_odd. is consuming. 15 in the queue is consumed! Tue Aug 22 16:12:29 2017: Pro. is producing 18 to the queue! Tue Aug 22 16:12:30 2017: Pro. finished! Tue Aug 22 16:12:31 2017: Con_even. is consuming. 18 in the queue is consumed! Tue Aug 22 16:12:38 2017: Con_odd. finished! Tue Aug 22 16:12:38 2017: Con_even. finished! All threads terminate! Process finished with exit code 0