java并发数据结构之CopyOnWriteArrayList
CopyOnWriteArrayList是一个线程安全的List实现,其在对对象进行读操作时,由于对象没有发生改变,因此不需要加锁,反之在对象进行增删等修改操作时,它会先复制一个对象副本,然后对副本进行修改,最后将修改后的副本对象写回,从而保证操作的线程安全,下面我们看一下具体的代码实现。
构造函数
通过CopyOnWriteArrayList链表的构造,可以看出主要是依赖ReentrantLock与数组实现线程安全的链表
/** The lock protecting all mutators */
final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
/** The array, accessed only via getArray/setArray. */
private transient volatile Object[] array;
/**
* Creates an empty list.
*/
public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {
setArray(new Object[0]);
}
写操作
add实现
add是一个标准的使用ReentrantLock加锁保证线程安全操作的实现
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();//加锁
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();//获取自身数组对象
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);//copy一个副本对象
newElements[len] = e;//赋值
setArray(newElements);//把对象写回去
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();//释放锁
}
}
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
* list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
* any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();//获取自身数组对象
int len = elements.length;
if (index > len || index < 0)//判断是否越界
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+
", Size: "+len);
Object[] newElements;
int numMoved = len - index;//计算需要移动的数组长度
if (numMoved == 0)
newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
else {
newElements = new Object[len + 1];
System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1,
numMoved);
}
newElements[index] = element;//赋值
setArray(newElements);//把对象写回去
} finally {
lock.unlock();//释放锁
}
}
remove实现
在remove的实现中我们可以看到在实际执行操作之前,会对对象的线程安全进行再次检查,另外在执行定位下标操作时基于原有下标进行分段定位的优化,一定概率上会降低循环复杂度
public E remove(int index) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();//加锁
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();//获取自身数组对象
int len = elements.length;
E oldValue = get(elements, index);//根据下标取值
int numMoved = len - index - 1;//计算需要移动的数组长度
if (numMoved == 0)
setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
else {
Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];//声明一个新数组
System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
numMoved);
setArray(newElements);
}
return oldValue;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
Object[] snapshot = getArray();
int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);//遍历数组定位元素下标
return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);
}
/**
* A version of remove(Object) using the strong hint that given
* recent snapshot contains o at the given index.
*/
private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();//加锁
try {
Object[] current = getArray();
int len = current.length;
//以下这段代码保证数据线程安全,再次对数组是否发生改变进行判断,如果发生改变进行分段轮询,提高效率
if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {//这里判断数组是否已经被修改,如果有修改就重新定位下标
int prefix = Math.min(index, len);//取最小值
for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {//提高效率先按最小循环次数遍历
if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {
index = i;
break findIndex;
}
}
if (index >= len)//下标超过当前数组长度返回false
return false;
if (current[index] == o)//下标未改变,直接返回
break findIndex;
index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);//遍历剩余部分
if (index < 0)
return false;
}
Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];//创建一个长度len - 1的数组,执行复制操作
System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);
System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,
newElements, index,
len - index - 1);
setArray(newElements);//覆盖原数组
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
读操作
读操作非常简单,无需加锁
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E get(int index) {
return get(getArray(), index);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private E get(Object[] a, int index) {
return (E) a[index];
}
通过对源码的分析,可以看到CopyOnWriteArrayList只在需要保证线程安全的写操作上加锁,核心思想就是减少锁竞争,从而提高并发时的读取性能,适用于写少读多的应用场景。
以上就是对CopyOnWriteArrayList内部核心源码的基本走读与解析,其线程安全的实现模式很有代表意义,十分值得初学者参考与学习,希望对大家能有所帮助,其中如有不足与不正确的地方还望指正与海涵,十分感谢。
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