Python模块学习 - psutil
psutil模块介绍
psutil是一个开源切跨平台的库,其提供了便利的函数用来获取才做系统的信息,比如CPU,内存,磁盘,网络等。此外,psutil还可以用来进行进程管理,包括判断进程是否存在、获取进程列表、获取进程详细信息等。而且psutil还提供了许多命令行工具提供的功能,包括:ps,top,lsof,netstat,ifconfig, who,df,kill,free,nice,ionice,iostat,iotop,uptime,pidof,tty,taskset,pmap。
psutil是一个跨平台的库,在官方网站上查到其支持如下操作系统。
- Linux
- Windows
- OSX
- FreeBSD
- OpenBSD
- NetBSD
- Sun Solaris
- AIX
Works with Python versions from 2.6 to 3.X.
安装psutil模块
psutil是一个第三方的开源项目,因此需要安装才能使用。这里利用pip命令进行安装
pip3 install psutil
psutil包含了异常、类、功能函数和常量,其中功能函数用来获取系统的信息,如CPU、磁盘、内存、网络等。类用来实现进程的管理功能。
功能函数
根据函数的功能,这里主要分为以下几类,下面将会从几个维度来说明psutil提供的功能函数。
CPU相关
cpu_count(,[logical]):默认返回逻辑CPU的个数,当设置logical的参数为False时,返回物理CPU的个数。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.cpu_count() 8 >>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) 4
cpu_percent(,[percpu],[interval]):返回CPU的利用率,percpu为True时显示所有物理核心的利用率,interval不为0时,则阻塞时显示interval执行的时间内的平均利用率
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.cpu_percent() 6.7 >>> psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) [17.7, 0.9, 11.0, 1.0, 11.1, 0.9, 10.7, 0.9] >>> psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True,interval=2) [16.0, 0.0, 8.5, 1.0, 14.4, 0.5, 9.5, 1.0]
cpu_time(,[percpu]):以命名元组(namedtuple)的形式返回cpu的时间花费,percpu表示获取每个CPU的时间花费
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.cpu_times() scputimes(user=5471.2, nice=0.0, system=5633.92, idle=1295903.87, iowait=2651.2, irq=16.44, softirq=137.87, steal=0.0, guest=0.0) >>> psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True) [scputimes(user=2803.53, nice=0.0, system=2824.3, idle=648996.02, iowait=153.71, irq=16.26, softirq=64.71, steal=0.0, guest=0.0), scputimes(user=2667.74, nice=0.0, system=2809.74, idle=646935.11, iowait=2497.58, irq=0.18, softirq=73.15, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)]
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
1 >>> cpu_time = psutil.cpu_times() 2 >>> cpu_time.user 3 5471.57 4 >>> 5 # 直接使用.元素的名称就可以获取对应的值
cpu_times_percent(,[percpu]):功能和cpu_times大致相同,看字面意思就能知道,该函数返回的是耗时比例。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.cpu_times_percent() scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=99.0, iowait=0.3, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0) >>> psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True) [scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=99.3, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0), scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=98.7, iowait=0.6, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)]
cpu_stats():以命名元组的形式返回CPU的统计信息,包括上下文切换,中断,软中断和系统调用次数。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.cpu_stats() scpustats(ctx_switches=393538808, interrupts=194683724, soft_interrupts=151546977, syscalls=0)
Memory相关
virtual_memory():以命名元组的形式返回内存使用情况,包括总内存,可用内存,内存利用率,buffer和cache等。单位为字节。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.virtual_memory() svmem(total=1964584960, available=1375827968, percent=30.0, used=432644096, free=600588288, active=710012928, inactive=484106240, buffers=238247936, cached=693104640, shared=716800)
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
1 >>> import psutil 2 >>> def bytes2human(n): 3 ... symbols = ('K','M','G','T','P','E','Z','Y') 4 ... prefix = {} 5 ... for i,s in enumerate(symbols): 6 ... prefix[s] = 1 << (i + 1) * 10 7 ... for s in reversed(symbols): 8 ... if n >= prefix[s]: 9 ... value = float(n) / prefix[s] 10 ... return '%.1f%s' % (value,s) 11 ... return '%sB' % n 12 ... 13 >>> bytes2human(psutil.virtual_memory().total) 14 '1.8G' 15 >>>
swap_memory():以命名元组的形式返回swap memory使用情况,包含swap 中页的换入和换出。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.swap_memory() sswap(total=2113925120, used=12206080, free=2101719040, percent=0.6, sin=29061120, sout=87228416)
Disk相关
disk_partitions([all=False]):以命名元组的形式返回所有已挂载的磁盘,包含磁盘名称,挂载点,文件系统类型等信息。当all等于True时,返回包含/proc等特殊文件系统的挂载信息
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.disk_partitions() [sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='ext4', opts='rw'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home', mountpoint='/home', fstype='ext4', opts='rw')] # 查询指定挂载点的信息 >>> [ device for device in psutil.disk_partitions() if device.mountpoint == '/' ] [sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw')]
disk_usage(path):以命名元组的形式返回path所在磁盘的使用情况,包括磁盘的容量、已经使用的磁盘容量、磁盘的空间利用率等。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.disk_usage('/') sdiskusage(total=32105152512, used=11395198976, free=19072290816, percent=37.4)
disk_io_counters([perdisk]):以命名元组的形式返回磁盘io统计信息(汇总的),包括读、写的次数,读、写的字节数等。当perdisk的值为True,则分别列出单个磁盘的统计信息(字典:key为磁盘名称,value为统计的namedtuple)。
import psutil >>> psutil.disk_io_counters() sdiskio(read_count=356568, write_count=12058367, read_bytes=12599494656, write_bytes=92961665024, read_time=260945, write_time=40815092, read_merged_count=32656, write_merged_count=6334256, busy_time=4421438) >>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) {'sda1': sdiskio(read_count=737, write_count=129, read_bytes=7100416, write_bytes=5615616, read_time=61, write_time=578, read_merged_count=496, write_merged_count=5349, busy_time=257), 'sda2': sdiskio(read_count=161575, write_count=2825934, read_bytes=6296442880, write_bytes=46478901248, read_time=113557, write_time=1580954, read_merged_count=32160, write_merged_count=6328960, busy_time=1026283), 'dm-0': sdiskio(read_count=111371, write_count=4944247, read_bytes=2401461248, write_bytes=28988342272, read_time=117846, write_time=25992150, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=2924323), 'dm-1': sdiskio(read_count=7482, write_count=21296, read_bytes=30646272, write_bytes=87228416, read_time=8656, write_time=55930, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=1326), 'dm-2': sdiskio(read_count=75407, write_count=4267078, read_bytes=3863860224, write_bytes=17403330560, read_time=20849, write_time=13185771, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=469527)}
Network相关
net_io_counter([pernic]):以命名元组的形式返回当前系统中每块网卡的网络io统计信息,包括收发字节数,收发包的数量、出错的情况和删包情况。当pernic为True时,则列出所有网卡的统计信息。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.net_io_counters() snetio(bytes_sent=428286398, bytes_recv=542982044, packets_sent=3768555, packets_recv=4169425, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0) >>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True) {'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=339700487, bytes_recv=339700487, packets_sent=3363412, packets_recv=3363412, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'eth0': snetio(bytes_sent=88616264, bytes_recv=203314200, packets_sent=405585, packets_recv=806516, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'virbr0': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'virbr0-nic': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
net_connections([kind]):以列表的形式返回每个网络连接的详细信息(namedtuple)。命名元组包含fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid等信息。kind表示过滤的连接类型,支持的值如下:(默认为inet)
- inet:IPv4 and IPv6
- inet4:IPv4
- inet6:IPv6
- tcp:TCP
- tcp4:TCP over IPv4
- tcp6:TCP over IPv6
- udp:UDP
- udp4:UDP over IPv4
- udp6:UDP over IPv6
- unix:UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols)
- all:the sum of all the possible families and protocols
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.net_connections() [sconn(fd=6, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=8080), raddr=(), status='LISTEN', pid=21834), sconn(fd=3, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=22), raddr=(), status='LISTEN', pid=8971), sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='127.0.0.1', port=10050), raddr=addr(ip='127.0.0.1', port=46710), status='TIME_WAIT', pid=None),
net_if_addrs():以字典的形式返回网卡的配置信息,包括IP地址和mac地址、子网掩码和广播地址。
>>> psutil.net_if_addrs() {'lo': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 'eth0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='10.0.0.3', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='10.0.0.255', ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::21c:42ff:fe52:ae47%eth0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:1c:42:52:ae:47', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)], 'virbr0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.122.1', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.122.255', ptp=None), snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='52:54:00:04:87:ce', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)], 'virbr0-nic': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='52:54:00:04:87:ce', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}
net_if_stats():返回网卡的详细信息,包括是否启动、通信类型、传输速度与mtu。
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.net_if_stats() {'lo': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=65536), 'eth0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'virbr0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 'virbr0-nic': snicstats(isup=False, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=10, mtu=1500)} >>>
Other
users():以命名元组的方式返回当前登陆用户的信息,包括用户名,登陆时间,终端,与主机信息
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.users() [suser(name='root', terminal='tty1', host='', started=1513498496.0, pid=9327), suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='10.0.0.2', started=1515335808.0, pid=30838), suser(name='root', terminal='pts/2', host='10.0.0.2', started=1515324032.0, pid=21939)] # start 表示登陆的时间(时间戳格式)
boot_time():以时间戳的形式返回系统的启动时间
>>> import psutil >>> psutil.boot_time() 1514678349.0
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1 >>> import datetime 2 >>> import psutil 3 >>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time ()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H: %M: %S")
psutil进程管理
psutil还提供了作为进程管理的功能函数,包括获取进程列表,判断是否存在。
Process类:对进程进行封装,可以使用该类的方法获取进行的详细信息,或者给进程发送信号。
>>> import psutil >>> init_process = psutil.Process(1) >>> init_process psutil.Process(pid=1, name='launchd', started='20:41:22') # 进程id、名称、启动时间
Process类提供了很多其他用来获取进程相关信息的方法
- name:获取进程的名称
- cmdline:获取启动进程的命令行参数
- create_time:获取进程的创建时间(时间戳格式)
- num_fds:进程打开的文件个数
- num_threads:进程的子进程个数
- is_running:判断进程是否正在运行
- send_signal:给进程发送信号,类似与os.kill等
- kill:发送SIGKILL信号结束进程
- terminate:发送SIGTEAM信号结束进程
>>> import psutil >>> process = psutil.Process(3297) >>> process.name() 'Google Chrome Helper' >>> process.create_time() 1519832141.532822 >>> process.num_fds() 22 >>> process.num_threads() 19
pids:以列表的形式返回当前正在运行的进程
pid_exists:判断给点定的pid是否存在
process_iter:迭代当前正在运行的进程,返回的是每个进程的Process对象
>>> psutil.pids() [3373, 3372, 3365, 3364, 3363, 3361, 3360, 3358, 3355, 3351, 3335, 3301, 3299, 3297, 3291, 3290, 3289, 3279, 3278, 3274, 3251, 3248, 3247, 3246, 3244, 3242, 3241, 3225, 3209, 3198, 3194, 3193, 3101, 2828, 2816, 2805, 2802, 2799, 2797, 2767, 2497, 2441, 2437, 2343, 2333, 2330, 2287, 2283, 2258, 2257, 2251, 2248, 2247, 2246, 2245, 2241, 2240, 2238, 2231, 2225] >>> psutil.pid_exists(12) False >>> list(psutil.process_iter())[:5] [psutil.Process(pid=0, name='kernel_task', started='20:41:22'), psutil.Process(pid=1, name='launchd', started='20:41:22'), psutil.Process(pid=48, name='UserEventAgent', started='20:41:27'), psutil.Process(pid=50, name='uninstalld', started='20:41:27'), psutil.Process(pid=51, name='kextd', started='20:41:27')] # 每个都是一个Process对象 >>>