上下文管理协议
一、上下文管理协议其实就是 with obje as f
在文件操作时用过,with open("a.txt","r") as f:
当时的好处就是不用手动关闭文件了
学到现在我们知道了,其实open也是一个类,之所以能用 with as 是类里做了“小手脚”
class Foo: def __init__(self,name): self.name = name def __enter__(self): print("执行enter") return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): print("执行exit") with Foo('a.txt') as f: print(f) print(f.name) print("======>") print("======>") print("000000000000000")
上述过程:
1. with obj ------->触发 obj.__enter__(), 拿到的返回值赋值给 f (with obj as f 等同于 f= obj.__enter__())
2. with obj as f 内的代码执行完毕后触发 __exit__()
二、__exit__中的异常处理
先了解下异常
分为:异常类,异常值,追踪信息
①没有异常的情况下,整个代码块运行完毕后去触发 __exit__,它的三个参数都为None
class Foo: def __init__(self,name): self.name = name def __enter__(self): print("执行enter") return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): print("执行exit") print(exc_type) #异常类 print(exc_val) #异常值 print(exc_tb) #追踪信息 with Foo('a.txt') as f: print(f) print(f.name) # print(jinling) #触发 __exit__() print("======>") print("======>") print("000000000000000")
②在有异常的情况下,从异常出现的位置直接触发 __exit__
a:如果__exit__的返回值为True 代表吞掉了异常
b:如果__exit__的返回值不为True,代表突出了异常
c: __exit__运行完毕代表了整个 with 语句的执行完毕
class Foo: def __init__(self,name): self.name = name def __enter__(self): print("执行enter") return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): print("执行exit") print(exc_type) #异常类 print(exc_val) #异常值 print(exc_tb) #追踪信息 # return True with Foo('a.txt') as f: print(f) print(f.name) print(jinling) #触发 __exit__() print("======>") print("======>") print("000000000000000")
class Foo: def __init__(self,name): self.name = name def __enter__(self): print("执行enter") return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): print("执行exit") print(exc_type) #异常类 print(exc_val) #异常值 print(exc_tb) #追踪信息 return True with Foo('a.txt') as f: print(f) print(f.name) print(jinling) #触发 __exit__() print("======>") print("======>") print("000000000000000") #因为__exit__ 吞掉了异常,所以最后一句00000000000正常输出,但是with块内异常下面的代码不能正常输出
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