Python 网络编程简单实现

TCP 入门
UDP 入门
UDP 广播

TCP 入门

服务端：

import socket

"""
TCP 服务器端
"""

# 参数一：socket.AF_INET 默认配置，代表ipv4，AF_INET6,代表ipv6
# 参数二：socket.SOCK_STREAM 默认配置，代表TCP连接，socket.SOCK_DGRAM 代表UDP
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

host = socket.gethostname()
port = 58124

s.bind((host, port))  # 绑定本地 ip 和 端口
s.listen(128)  # 设置最大连接数

# 返回一个包含了 socket 和 客户端地址 的元组
resp_data = s.accept()   # 简单写法： c, addr = s.accept()
print(f'resp_data type is {type(resp_data)} , resp_data is {resp_data}')

resp_socket = resp_data[0]

# recv()： 设置缓冲大小
print(resp_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
resp_socket.send('谢谢， 我很好'.encode('utf-8'))
resp_socket.close()

# out:
"""
resp_data type is <class 'tuple'> , resp_data is (<socket.socket fd=132, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('192.168.29.21', 58124), raddr=('192.168.29.21', 63230)>, ('192.168.29.21', 63230))
你好啊
"""

客户端：

import socket

"""
TCP客户端
"""
s = socket.socket()

host = socket.gethostname()
port = 58124

s.connect((host, port))
s.send('你好啊'.encode('utf-8'))
print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
# out:谢谢， 我很好

UDP 入门

服务方：

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

host = socket.gethostname()
port = 12345
s.bind((host, port))


# 接收数据，resp_data 是发送的二进制数据内容
resp_data, caddr = s.recvfrom(1024)   # 会阻塞
print(f'resp_data type is {type(resp_data)}, content is {resp_data.decode("utf-8")} \n '
      f'caddr type is {type(caddr)}, content is {caddr}')

# 关闭套接字
s.close()
"""
resp_data type is <class 'bytes'>, content is 你好啊 
 caddr type is <class 'tuple'>, content is ('192.168.29.21', 61209)
"""

客户端：

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

host = socket.gethostname()
# s.bind((host, 11111)) 客户端可以进行端口绑定，否则客户端端口每次请求会变化

# 指定要发送到哪里，
s.sendto('你好啊'.encode('utf-8'), (host, 12345))

s.close()

UDP 广播

发送端：

# 导包
import socket

"""UDP 发送端"""
# 建立套接字
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 广播地址默认不允许访问，需要开通权限
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, True)
# 发送数据，广播地址还可以写为<broadcast>，255.255.255.255
# 当发送地址写为<broadcast>, 255.255.255.255 时， 接收端显示的发送端的ip是广域网的ip
# 当发送地址写为192.168.29.255 时， 接收端显示的发送端的ip是局域网的ip
s.sendto('你好啊'.encode('utf-8'), ('192.168.29.255', 12345))
s.sendto('你好啊啊'.encode('utf-8'), ('<broadcast>', 12345))
s.sendto('你好啊啊啊'.encode('utf-8'), ('255.255.255.255', 12345))
# 关闭连接
s.close()

接收端：

import socket

"""UDP 接收端"""

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

port = 12345

s.bind(('0.0.0.0', port))

# 接收数据，resp_data 是发送的二进制数据内容
resp_data, caddr = s.recvfrom(1024)
print(f'resp_data type is {type(resp_data)}, content is {resp_data.decode("utf-8")} \n '
      f'caddr type is {type(caddr)}, content is {caddr}')

resp_data1, caddr1 = s.recvfrom(1024)
print(f'resp_data type is {type(resp_data1)}, content is {resp_data1.decode("utf-8")} \n '
      f'caddr type is {type(caddr1)}, content is {caddr1}')

resp_data2, caddr2 = s.recvfrom(1024)
print(f'resp_data type is {type(resp_data2)}, content is {resp_data2.decode("utf-8")} \n '
      f'caddr type is {type(caddr2)}, content is {caddr2}')

# 关闭套接字
s.close()

# out:
"""
resp_data type is <class 'bytes'>, content is 你好啊 
 caddr type is <class 'tuple'>, content is ('192.168.29.21', 58774)
resp_data type is <class 'bytes'>, content is 你好啊啊 
 caddr type is <class 'tuple'>, content is ('10.254.3.12', 58774)
resp_data type is <class 'bytes'>, content is 你好啊啊啊 
 caddr type is <class 'tuple'>, content is ('10.254.3.12', 58774)
"""

总结：

网络接口：