C# Replace:一个熟悉而又陌生的替换
前言
Replace 的作用就是,通过指定内容的替换,返回一个新字符串。
返回值中,已将当前字符串中的指定 Unicode 字符或 String 的 所有匹配项,替换为指定的新的 Unicode 字符或 String。
一、String.Replace() 的几个重载
String.Replace() 总共有四个重载,分别是:(详见官网:String.Replace 方法)
Replace(Char, Char)、
Replace(String, String)、
Replace(String, String, StringComparison)、
Replace(String, String, Boolean, CultureInfo)。
下面来逐个简单介绍下。
1、Replace(Char, Char)
// 作用:
// 将实例中出现的所有指定 Unicode 字符都替换为另一个指定的 Unicode 字符。
// 语法:
public string Replace (char oldChar, char newChar);
代码示例:
String str = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9";
Console.WriteLine($"Original string: {str}");
Console.WriteLine($"CSV string: {str.Replace(' ', ',')}");
// 输出结果:
// Original string: "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
// CSV string: "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9"
现在补充一下关于 Char 类型:
char 类型关键字是 .NET System.Char 结构类型的别名,它表示 Unicode UTF-16 字符。
类型 | 范围 | 大小 | .NET 类型 | 默认值 |
char | U+0000 到 U+FFFF | 16 位 | System.Char | \0 即 U+0000 |
// 给 Char 类型的变量赋值可以通过多重方式,如下:
var chars = new[]
{
'j', //字符文本
'\u006A', //Unicode 转义序列,它是 \u 后跟字符代码的十六进制表示形式(四个符号)
'\x006A', //十六进制转义序列,它是 \x 后跟字符代码的十六进制表示形式
(char)106, //将字符代码的值转换为相应的 char 值
};
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", chars));
// 输出的值相同: j j j j
char 类型可隐式转换为以下整型类型:ushort、int、uint、long 和 ulong。
也可以隐式转换为内置浮点数值类型:float、double 和 decimal。
可以显式转换为 sbyte、byte 和 short 整型类型。
2、String.Replace(String, String)
// 作用:
// 实例中出现的所有指定字符串都替换为另一个指定的字符串
// 语法:
public string Replace (char oldString, char newString);
示例:
// 目的:将错误的单词更正
string errString = "This docment uses 3 other docments to docment the docmentation";
Console.WriteLine($"The original string is:{Environment.NewLine}'{errString}'{Environment.NewLine}");
// 正确的拼写应该为 "document"
string correctString = errString.Replace("docment", "document");
Console.WriteLine($"After correcting the string, the result is:{Environment.NewLine}'{correctString}'");
// 输出结果:
// The original string is:
// 'This docment uses 3 other docments to docment the docmentation'
//
// After correcting the string, the result is:
// 'This document uses 3 other documents to document the documentation'
//
另一个示例:
// 可进行连续多次替换操作
String s = "aaa";
Console.WriteLine($"The initial string: '{s}'");
s = s.Replace("a", "b").Replace("b", "c").Replace("c", "d");
Console.WriteLine($"The final string: '{s}'");
// 如果 newString 为 null,则将 oldString 的匹配项全部删掉
s = s.Replace("dd", null);
Console.WriteLine($"The new string: '{s}'");
// 输出结果:
//The initial string: 'aaa'
//The final string: 'ddd'
//The new string: 'd'
3、Replace(String, String, StringComparison)
相较于上一个重载,新增了一个入参枚举类型 StringComparison(详见官网:StringComparison 枚举)。作用是:指定供 Compare(String, String) 和 Equals(Object) 方法的特定重载,使用的区域性、大小写和排序规则。
相关源代码如下,可以看出,不同的 StringComparison 参数值对应的操作不同,最主要的区别就是是否添加参数 CultureInfo。
public string Replace(string oldValue, string? newValue, StringComparison comparisonType)
{
switch (comparisonType)
{
case StringComparison.CurrentCulture:
case StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase:
return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo,
GetCaseCompareOfComparisonCulture(comparisonType));
case StringComparison.InvariantCulture:
case StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase:
return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CompareInfo.Invariant,
GetCaseCompareOfComparisonCulture(comparisonType));
case StringComparison.Ordinal:
return Replace(oldValue, newValue);
case StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase:
return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CompareInfo.Invariant, CompareOptions.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
default:
throw new ArgumentException(SR.NotSupported_StringComparison, "comparisonType");
}
}
关于不同区域的不同 CultureInfo 实例,程序运行结果的区别,见下面的示例:
查看代码
// 以下示例为三种语言("zh-CN", "th-TH", "tr-TR")不同枚举值的测试代码和输出结果:
String[] cultureNames = { "zh-CN", "th-TH", "tr-TR" }; // 中国 泰国 土耳其
String[] strings1 = { "a", "i", "case", };
String[] strings2 = { "a-", "\u0130", "Case" };
StringComparison[] comparisons = (StringComparison[])Enum.GetValues(typeof(StringComparison));
foreach (var cultureName in cultureNames)
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureName);
Console.WriteLine("Current Culture: {0}", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= strings1.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
{
foreach (var comparison in comparisons)
Console.WriteLine(" {0} = {1} ({2}): {3}", strings1[ctr], strings2[ctr], comparison,
String.Equals(strings1[ctr], strings2[ctr], comparison));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
// 输出结果:
// Current Culture: zh-CN
// a = a- (CurrentCulture): False //-----注意------
// a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False //-----注意------
// a = a- (InvariantCulture): False
// a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// a = a- (Ordinal): False
// a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// i = İ (CurrentCulture): False
// i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False //-----注意------
// i = İ (InvariantCulture): False
// i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// i = İ (Ordinal): False
// i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// case = Case (CurrentCulture): False
// case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (InvariantCulture): False
// case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (Ordinal): False
// case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True
//
//
// Current Culture: th-TH
// a = a- (CurrentCulture): True //-----注意------
// a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True //-----注意------
// a = a- (InvariantCulture): False
// a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// a = a- (Ordinal): False
// a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// i = İ (CurrentCulture): False
// i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False
// i = İ (InvariantCulture): False
// i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// i = İ (Ordinal): False
// i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// case = Case (CurrentCulture): False
// case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (InvariantCulture): False
// case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (Ordinal): False
// case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True
//
//
// Current Culture: tr-TR
// a = a- (CurrentCulture): False
// a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False
// a = a- (InvariantCulture): False
// a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// a = a- (Ordinal): False
// a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// i = İ (CurrentCulture): False
// i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True //-----注意------
// i = İ (InvariantCulture): False
// i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False
// i = İ (Ordinal): False
// i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False
//
// case = Case (CurrentCulture): False
// case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (InvariantCulture): False
// case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True
// case = Case (Ordinal): False
// case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True
4、Replace(String, String, Boolean, CultureInfo)
此重载主要介绍下后两个入参。
Boolean:布尔类型入参,默认 false。true:忽略大小写;false:区分大小写。
CultureInfo:指定代码的区域性,允许为 null,但必须站位。为空时取当前区域(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo)。
注:关于 CultureInfo 的详细测试示例,详见上一部分中的折叠代码。
以下是当前重载的部分源码:
查看代码
public string Replace(string oldValue, string? newValue, bool ignoreCase, CultureInfo? culture)
{
return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, culture?.CompareInfo, ignoreCase ? CompareOptions.IgnoreCase : CompareOptions.None);
}
private string ReplaceCore(string oldValue, string newValue, CompareInfo ci, CompareOptions options)
{
if ((object)oldValue == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("oldValue");
}
if (oldValue.Length == 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_StringZeroLength, "oldValue");
}
return ReplaceCore(this, oldValue.AsSpan(), newValue.AsSpan(), ci ?? CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo, options) ?? this;
}
private static string ReplaceCore(ReadOnlySpan<char> searchSpace, ReadOnlySpan<char> oldValue, ReadOnlySpan<char> newValue, CompareInfo compareInfo, CompareOptions options)
{
Span<char> initialBuffer = stackalloc char[256];
ValueStringBuilder valueStringBuilder = new ValueStringBuilder(initialBuffer);
valueStringBuilder.EnsureCapacity(searchSpace.Length);
bool flag = false;
while (true)
{
int matchLength;
int num = compareInfo.IndexOf(searchSpace, oldValue, options, out matchLength);
if (num < 0 || matchLength == 0)
{
break;
}
valueStringBuilder.Append(searchSpace.Slice(0, num));
valueStringBuilder.Append(newValue);
searchSpace = searchSpace.Slice(num + matchLength);
flag = true;
}
if (!flag)
{
valueStringBuilder.Dispose();
return null;
}
valueStringBuilder.Append(searchSpace);
return valueStringBuilder.ToString();
}
二、Regex.Replace() 的几个常用重载
1、Replace(String, String)
在指定的输入字符串(input)内,使用指定的替换字符串(replacement),替换与某个正则表达式模式(需要在实例化 Regex 对象时,将正则表达式传入)匹配的所有的字符串。
关于正则表达式可参考博主另一篇文章:C# 正则表达式常用的符号和模式解析
// 语法
public string Replace (string input, string replacement);
下面是一个简单的示例:
// 目的是将多余的空格去掉
string input = "This is text with far too much white space.";
string pattern = "\\s+"; // \s:匹配任何空白字符;+:匹配一次或多次
string replacement = " ";
Regex rgx = new Regex(pattern); // 实例化时传入正则表达式
string result = rgx.Replace(input, replacement);
Console.WriteLine("Original String: {0}", input);
Console.WriteLine("Replacement String: {0}", result);
// 输出结果:
// Original String: This is text with far too much white space.
// Replacement String: This is text with far too much white space.
2、Replace(String, String, String)
在指定的输入字符串内(input),使用指定的替换字符串(replacement)替换与指定正则表达式(pattern)匹配的所有字符串。
// 语法:
public static string Replace (string input, string pattern, string replacement);
// 目的:将多余的空格去掉
string input = "This is text with far too much white space.";
string pattern = "\\s+";
// 注:\s 匹配任何空白字符,包括空格、制表符、换页符等
// 注:+ 重复一次或多次
string replacement = " "; // 将连续出现的多个空格,替换为一个
string result = Regex.Replace(input, pattern, replacement);
Console.WriteLine("Original String: {0}", input);
Console.WriteLine("Replacement String: {0}", result);
// 输出结果:
//Original String: This is text with far too much white space.
//Replacement String: This is text with far too much white space.
3、Replace(String, String, Int32, Int32)
在指定输入子字符串(input)内,使用指定替换字符串(replacement)替换与某个正则表达式模式匹配的字符串(其数目为指定的最大数目)。startat 是匹配开始的位置。
// 语法:
public string Replace (string input, string replacement, int count, int startat);
下面是一个示例:
// 目的:添加双倍行距
string input = "Instantiating a New Type\n" +
"Generally, there are two ways that an\n" +
"instance of a class or structure can\n" +
"be instantiated. ";
Console.WriteLine("原内容:");
Console.WriteLine(input);
// .:匹配除‘\n’之外的任何单个字符;*:匹配零次或多次
string pattern = "^.*$"; // ^.*$ 在这里就是匹配每一行中‘\n’前边的字符串
string replacement = "\n$&"; // 在匹配项前添加‘\n’;$&:代表匹配内容
Regex rgx = new Regex(pattern, RegexOptions.Multiline); // Multiline:多行模式,不仅仅在整个字符串的开头和结尾匹配
string result = string.Empty;
Match match = rgx.Match(input); // 判断能否匹配
if (match.Success)
result = rgx.Replace(input,
replacement,
-1, // >= 0 时,就是匹配具体次数,= -1 时就是不限制次数
match.Index + match.Length + 1 // 作用就是跳过第一个匹配项(第一行不做处理)
// 当第一次匹配时:Index=0,length=除了‘\n’之外的长度,最后再 +1 就是第一行全部的内容
);
Console.WriteLine("结果内容:");
Console.WriteLine(result);
// 输出结果:
// 原内容:
// Instantiating a New Type
// Generally, there are two ways that an
// instance of a class or structure can
// be instantiated.
// 结果内容:
// Instantiating a New Type
//
// Generally, there are two ways that an
//
// instance of a class or structure can
//
// be instantiated.
4、Replace(String, String, MatchEvaluator, RegexOptions, TimeSpan)
在入参字符串(input)中,进行正则表达式(pattern)的匹配,匹配成功的,传递给 MatchEvaluator 委托(evaluator)处理完成后,替换原匹配值。
RegexOptions 为匹配操作配置项(关于 RegexOptions 详见官网:RegexOptions 枚举),TimeSpan 为超时时间间隔。
public static string Replace (string input, string pattern,
System.Text.RegularExpressions.MatchEvaluator evaluator,
System.Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions options,
TimeSpan matchTimeout);
下面是一个示例:
// 目的:将输入的每个单词中的字母顺序随机打乱,再一起输出
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string words = "letter alphabetical missing lack release " +
"penchant slack acryllic laundry cease";
string pattern = @"\w+ # Matches all the characters in a word.";
MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(WordScrambler); // WordScrambler:回调函数
Console.WriteLine("Original words:");
Console.WriteLine(words);
Console.WriteLine();
try
{
Console.WriteLine("Scrambled words:");
Console.WriteLine(Regex.Replace(words, pattern, evaluator,
RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)));
}
catch (RegexMatchTimeoutException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Word Scramble operation timed out.");
Console.WriteLine("Returned words:");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 回调:对全部匹配项逐一进行操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="match"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string WordScrambler(Match match)
{
int arraySize = match.Value.Length;
double[] keys = new double[arraySize]; // 存放随机数
char[] letters = new char[arraySize]; // 存放字母
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < match.Value.Length; ctr++)
{
keys[ctr] = rnd.NextDouble(); // 生成随机数,用于重新排序
letters[ctr] = match.Value[ctr]; // 将输入参单词数拆解为字母数组
}
Array.Sort(keys, letters, 0, arraySize, Comparer.Default); // 重新根据随机数大小排序
return new String(letters);
}
// 输出结果:
// Original words:
// letter alphabetical missing lack release penchant slack acryllic laundry cease
//
// Scrambled words:
// eltetr aeplbtaiaclh ignisms lkac elsaree nchetapn acksl lcyaricl udarnly casee
三、关于 Replace 的实际需求简单示例
1、全部替换匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating";
Console.WriteLine("----原内容----");
Console.WriteLine(input);
string result = input.Replace("tiating","*******");
Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----");
Console.WriteLine(result);
// ----原内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating
// ----结果内容----
// Instan******* Instan******* Instan******* Instan*******
2、仅替换第一个匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating";
Console.WriteLine("----原内容----");
Console.WriteLine(input);
Regex regex = new Regex("tiating");
string result = regex.Replace(input, "*******",1);
Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----");
Console.WriteLine(result);
// ----原内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating
// ----结果内容----
// Instan******* Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating
3、仅替换最后一个匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating";
Console.WriteLine("----原内容----");
Console.WriteLine(input);
Match match = Regex.Match(input, "tiating",RegexOptions.RightToLeft);
string first = input.Substring(0, match.Index);
string last = input.Length == first.Length + match.Length ? "" :
input.Substring(first.Length + match.Length,input.Length-(first.Length + match.Length));
string result = $"{first}*******{last}";
Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----");
Console.WriteLine(result);
// 两次测试结果:
// ----原内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating 345
// ----结果内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instan******* 345
// ----原内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating
// ----结果内容----
// Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instan*******
注:如有建议或疑问,欢迎留言。
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