实验4

实验任务1

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 4

int main() {
	
	int a[N] = {2, 0, 2, 3};
	char b[N] = {'2', '0', '2', '3'};
	int i;
	
	printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n", sizeof(int));
	printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n", sizeof(char));
	printf("\n");
	
	for(i = 0;i < N; ++i)
		printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i], a[i]);
	printf("\n");
	
	for(i = 0;i < N; i++)  
		printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i], b[i]);
	printf("\n");
	
	printf("a = %p\n", a);
	printf("b = %p\n", b);
	
	return 0;
	
} 

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 2
#define M 3

int main() {
	
	int a[N][M] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
	char b[N][M] = {{'1', '2', '3'}, {'4', '5', '6'}};
	int i, j;
	
	for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
		for(j = 0;j < M; j++)
			printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i][j], a[i][j]);
	printf("\n");
	
	printf("a = %p\n", a);
	printf("a[0] = %p\n", a[0]);
	printf("a[1] = %p\n", a[1]);
	printf("\n");
	
	for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
		for(j = 0;j < M; j++)
			printf("%p: %d\n", &b[i][j], b[i][j]);
	printf("\n");
	
	printf("b = %p\n", b);
	printf("b[0] = %p\n", b[0]);
	printf("b[1] = %p\n", b[1]);
	printf("\n");
	
	return 0;
	
} 


实验结论


回答问题

task1_1:
int型数组a,在内存中是连续存放的,每个元素占用4个内存字节单元。
char型数组b,在内存中是连续存放的,每个元素占用1个内存字节单元。
数组名a对应的值,和&a[0]是一样的;数组名b对应的值,和&b[0]是一样的。

task1_2:
int型二维数组a,在内存中是"按行连续存放"的,每个元素占用4个内存字节单元。
int型二维数组a, 数组名a的值和&a[0][0]的值,在数字字面值上,是一样的。
char型二维数组b,在内存中是"按行连续存放"的,每个元素占用1个内存字节单元。
char型二维数组b, 数组名b的值&b[0][0]的值,在数字字面值上,是一样的。
a[0], a[1]的值相差12,也就是三个int的内存大小,a数组的二维恰好有3个。
b[0], b[1]的值相差3, 是三个char的内存大小 ,b数组的二维恰好3个。

实验任务2

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 80

void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]);
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
	
	printf("测试1:用两个一维数组,实现两个字符串交换\n");
	test1();
	
	printf("测试2:用二维数组,实现两个字符串交换\n");
	test2(); 
	
	return 0;
} 

void test1() {
	char views1[N] = "hey, C, I hate u.";
	char views2[N] = "hey, C, I love u.";
	
	printf("交换前:\n");
	puts(views1);
	puts(views2);
	
	swap_str(views1, views2);
	
	printf("交换后: \n");
	puts(views1);
	puts(views2); 
}

void test2() {
	char views[2][N] = {"hey, C, I hate u.", "hey, C, I love u."};

	printf("交换前:\n");
	puts(views[0]);
	puts(views[1]);
	
	swap_str(views[0], views[1]);
	
	printf("交换后: \n");
	puts(views[0]);
	puts(views[1]); 	
}

void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]) {
	char tmp[N];
	
	strcpy(tmp, s1);
	strcpy(s1,  s2);
	strcpy(s2, tmp);
}

 

实验结论

回答问题

test1中,views1和views2是两个一维数组;test2中,views[0], views[1]是二维数组第一维的两个数组。所以后者加中括号,传入swap_str的实际上都是一维数组。

实验任务3

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 80

int count(char x[]);

int main() {
	char words[N + 1];
	int n;
	
	while(gets(words) != NULL) {
		n = count(words);
		printf("单词数:%d\n\n", n);
	}
	
	return 0;
} 

int count(char x[]) {
	
	int i;
	int word_flag = 0;
	int number = 0;
	
	for(i = 0;x[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		if(!((x[i] >= 'a' && x[i] <= 'z') || (x[i] >= 'A' && x[i] <= 'Z')))
			word_flag = 0;
		else if(word_flag == 0) {
			word_flag = 1;
			number ++; 
		}
	}
	
	return number;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 1000

int main() {
	
	char line[N];
	int word_len;
	int max_len;
	int end;
	int i;
	
	while(gets(line) != NULL) {
		word_len = 0;
		max_len = 0;
		end = 0;
		
		i = 0;
		while(1) {
			while(!(line[i] >= 'a' && line[i] <= 'z') || (line[i] >= 'A' && line[i] <= 'Z')) {
				word_len = 0;
				i ++;
			}
			
			while((line[i] >= 'a' && line[i] <= 'z') || (line[i] >= 'A' && line[i] <= 'Z')) {
				word_len ++;
				i ++;
			}
			
			if(max_len < word_len) {
				max_len = word_len;
				end = i;
			}
			
			if(line[i] == '\0') break ;
		}
		
		printf("最长单词:");
		for(i = end - max_len;i < end; i++)
			printf("%c", line[i]);
		printf("\n\n"); 
	}
	
	return 0;
} 

实验结论

task3_1:

task3_2:

实验任务4

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 5

void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
double average(int x[], int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n);

int main() {
	
	int scores[N];
	double ave;
	
	printf("录入%d个分数:\n", N);
	input(scores, N);
	
	printf("\n输出课程分数:\n");
	output(scores, N);
	
	printf("\n课程分数处理:计算均分、排序...\n");
	ave = average(scores, N);
	bubble_sort(scores, N);
	
	printf("\n输出课程均分:%.2f\n", ave);
	printf("\n输出课程分数(高 -> 低):\n");
	output(scores, N);
	
	return 0;
} 

void input(int x[], int n) {
	int i;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
		scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

void output(int x[], int n) {
	int i;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++) 
		printf("%d ", x[i]);
	printf("\n"); 
}

double average(int x[], int n) {
	double s = 0;
	int i;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++) 
		s += x[i];
		
	return s / n;
}

void bubble_sort(int x[], int n) {
	int i, j;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
		for(j = n - 1;j > i; j--) 
			if(x[j] > x[j - 1]) {
				int t = x[j];
				x[j] = x[j - 1];
				x[j - 1] = t;
			}
			
}

实验结论

实验任务5

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 100

void dec2n(int x, int n);
int get_m(int n);
int mypow(int n, int i);

int main() {
	
	int x;
	
	printf("输入一个十进制整数:");
	while(scanf("%d", &x) != EOF) {
		dec2n(x, 2);
		dec2n(x, 8);
		dec2n(x, 16);
		
		printf("\n输入一个十进制整数:"); 
	} 
	
	return 0;
}

char xx[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

void dec2n(int x, int n) {
	int i;
	int a[N] = {0}, flag = 0;
	int m = get_m(n);
	
	for(i = m;i >= 0; i--) {
		int t = mypow(n, i);
		while(x >= t) {
			a[i]++;
			x -= t;
		}
	}
	
	for(i = m;i >= 0; i--) {
		if(flag == 0) {
			if(a[i] > 0) {
				flag = 1;
				printf("%c", xx[a[i]]);
			}
		}
		else 
			printf("%c", xx[a[i]]);
	}
	printf("\n");
	
}

int get_m(int n) {
	int m = 0, i, x = 1;
	
	for(i = 1; ; i++) {
		x *= n;
		if(x > 0) m ++;
		else return m; 
	}
}

int mypow(int n, int i) {
	int j, x = 1;
	
	for(j = 1;j <= i; j++) 
		x *= n;
		
	return x;
}

实验结论

实验任务6

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 100
#define M 4

void output(int x[][N], int n);
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n);

int main() {
	int t[][N] = {{21, 12 ,13, 24}, 
				  {25, 16, 47, 38}, 
				  {29, 11, 32, 54}, 
				  {42, 21, 33, 10}};
				  
	printf("原始矩阵:\n");
	output(t, M);
	
	rotate_to_right(t, M);
	
	printf("变换后矩阵:\n");
	output(t, M);
	
	return 0;
}

void output(int x[][N], int n) {
	int i, j;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++) {
		for(j = 0;j < n; j++) 
			printf("%4d", x[i][j]);
		printf("\n");
	}
} 

void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n) {
	int i, j;
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++) {
		int t = x[i][n - 1];
		for(j = n - 1;j > 0; j--) {
			x[i][j] = x[i][j - 1];
		}
		x[i][0] = t;
	}
}

实验结论

实验任务7

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 80

void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char);

int main() {
	char text[N] = "c programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";
	
	printf("原始文本: \n");
	printf("%s\n", text);
	
	replace(text, 'i', '*');
	
	printf("处理后文本: \n");
	printf("%s\n", text);
	
	return 0;
}

void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char) {
	int i;
	
	for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)
		if(x[i] == old_char)
			x[i] = new_char;
}


#include <stdio.h>

#define N 80

void delet(char x[], char ch);

int main() {
	char text[N], ch;

	printf("输入一个字符串:");
	gets(text);
	
	printf("输入一个字符:"); 
	ch = getchar();
	
	printf("原始文本: \n");
	printf("%s\n", text);
	
	printf("截断处理...\n");
	delet(text, ch);
	
	printf("处理后文本: \n");
	printf("%s\n", text);
	
	return 0;
}

void delet(char x[], char ch) {
	int i, t = 0;
	
	for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)
		if(x[i] != ch)
			x[t++] = x[i];
		else break ;
	
	x[t] = '\0';
}

//spring summer autumn winter u

实验结论


回答问题

replace函数的功能是将字符串中所有的特定字符替换为另一个字符

'\0'是终止符,出现在数组最后一个元素的后一个位置,出现这个字符则说明数组已经遍历完,所以可以作为结束循环条件。

实验任务8

实验代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 5
#define M 20

void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n);

int main() {
	
	char name[][M] = {"Bob", "Bill", "Joseph", "Taylor", "George"};
	int i;
	
	printf("输出初始名单:\n");
	for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
		printf("%s\n", name[i]);
	
	printf("\n排序中\n");
	bubble_sort(name, N);
	
	printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n");
	for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
		printf("%s\n", name[i]);
		
	return 0;
}

void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n) {
	int i, j;
	char tmp[M]; 
	
	for(i = 0;i < n; i++) 
		for(j = n - 1;j > i; j--) 
			if(strcmp(str[j], str[j - 1]) < 0) {
				strcpy(tmp, str[j]);
				strcpy(str[j], str[j - 1]);
				strcpy(str[j - 1], tmp);
			}

}

实验结论

posted @ 2023-04-13 17:04  C锥  阅读(76)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报