实验4
实验任务1
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 4
int main() {
int a[N] = {2, 0, 2, 3};
char b[N] = {'2', '0', '2', '3'};
int i;
printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n", sizeof(int));
printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n", sizeof(char));
printf("\n");
for(i = 0;i < N; ++i)
printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i], a[i]);
printf("\n");
for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i], b[i]);
printf("\n");
printf("a = %p\n", a);
printf("b = %p\n", b);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 2
#define M 3
int main() {
int a[N][M] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
char b[N][M] = {{'1', '2', '3'}, {'4', '5', '6'}};
int i, j;
for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
for(j = 0;j < M; j++)
printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i][j], a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
printf("a = %p\n", a);
printf("a[0] = %p\n", a[0]);
printf("a[1] = %p\n", a[1]);
printf("\n");
for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
for(j = 0;j < M; j++)
printf("%p: %d\n", &b[i][j], b[i][j]);
printf("\n");
printf("b = %p\n", b);
printf("b[0] = %p\n", b[0]);
printf("b[1] = %p\n", b[1]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
实验结论
回答问题
task1_1:
int型数组a,在内存中是连续存放的,每个元素占用4个内存字节单元。
char型数组b,在内存中是连续存放的,每个元素占用1个内存字节单元。
数组名a对应的值,和&a[0]是一样的;数组名b对应的值,和&b[0]是一样的。
task1_2:
int型二维数组a,在内存中是"按行连续存放"的,每个元素占用4个内存字节单元。
int型二维数组a, 数组名a的值和&a[0][0]的值,在数字字面值上,是一样的。
char型二维数组b,在内存中是"按行连续存放"的,每个元素占用1个内存字节单元。
char型二维数组b, 数组名b的值&b[0][0]的值,在数字字面值上,是一样的。
a[0], a[1]的值相差12,也就是三个int的内存大小,a数组的二维恰好有3个。
b[0], b[1]的值相差3, 是三个char的内存大小 ,b数组的二维恰好3个。
实验任务2
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]);
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
printf("测试1:用两个一维数组,实现两个字符串交换\n");
test1();
printf("测试2:用二维数组,实现两个字符串交换\n");
test2();
return 0;
}
void test1() {
char views1[N] = "hey, C, I hate u.";
char views2[N] = "hey, C, I love u.";
printf("交换前:\n");
puts(views1);
puts(views2);
swap_str(views1, views2);
printf("交换后: \n");
puts(views1);
puts(views2);
}
void test2() {
char views[2][N] = {"hey, C, I hate u.", "hey, C, I love u."};
printf("交换前:\n");
puts(views[0]);
puts(views[1]);
swap_str(views[0], views[1]);
printf("交换后: \n");
puts(views[0]);
puts(views[1]);
}
void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]) {
char tmp[N];
strcpy(tmp, s1);
strcpy(s1, s2);
strcpy(s2, tmp);
}
实验结论
回答问题
test1中,views1和views2是两个一维数组;test2中,views[0], views[1]是二维数组第一维的两个数组。所以后者加中括号,传入swap_str的实际上都是一维数组。
实验任务3
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
int count(char x[]);
int main() {
char words[N + 1];
int n;
while(gets(words) != NULL) {
n = count(words);
printf("单词数:%d\n\n", n);
}
return 0;
}
int count(char x[]) {
int i;
int word_flag = 0;
int number = 0;
for(i = 0;x[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if(!((x[i] >= 'a' && x[i] <= 'z') || (x[i] >= 'A' && x[i] <= 'Z')))
word_flag = 0;
else if(word_flag == 0) {
word_flag = 1;
number ++;
}
}
return number;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 1000
int main() {
char line[N];
int word_len;
int max_len;
int end;
int i;
while(gets(line) != NULL) {
word_len = 0;
max_len = 0;
end = 0;
i = 0;
while(1) {
while(!(line[i] >= 'a' && line[i] <= 'z') || (line[i] >= 'A' && line[i] <= 'Z')) {
word_len = 0;
i ++;
}
while((line[i] >= 'a' && line[i] <= 'z') || (line[i] >= 'A' && line[i] <= 'Z')) {
word_len ++;
i ++;
}
if(max_len < word_len) {
max_len = word_len;
end = i;
}
if(line[i] == '\0') break ;
}
printf("最长单词:");
for(i = end - max_len;i < end; i++)
printf("%c", line[i]);
printf("\n\n");
}
return 0;
}
实验结论
task3_1:
task3_2:
实验任务4
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5
void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
double average(int x[], int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n);
int main() {
int scores[N];
double ave;
printf("录入%d个分数:\n", N);
input(scores, N);
printf("\n输出课程分数:\n");
output(scores, N);
printf("\n课程分数处理:计算均分、排序...\n");
ave = average(scores, N);
bubble_sort(scores, N);
printf("\n输出课程均分:%.2f\n", ave);
printf("\n输出课程分数(高 -> 低):\n");
output(scores, N);
return 0;
}
void input(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
void output(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", x[i]);
printf("\n");
}
double average(int x[], int n) {
double s = 0;
int i;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
s += x[i];
return s / n;
}
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n) {
int i, j;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
for(j = n - 1;j > i; j--)
if(x[j] > x[j - 1]) {
int t = x[j];
x[j] = x[j - 1];
x[j - 1] = t;
}
}
实验结论
实验任务5
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
void dec2n(int x, int n);
int get_m(int n);
int mypow(int n, int i);
int main() {
int x;
printf("输入一个十进制整数:");
while(scanf("%d", &x) != EOF) {
dec2n(x, 2);
dec2n(x, 8);
dec2n(x, 16);
printf("\n输入一个十进制整数:");
}
return 0;
}
char xx[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
void dec2n(int x, int n) {
int i;
int a[N] = {0}, flag = 0;
int m = get_m(n);
for(i = m;i >= 0; i--) {
int t = mypow(n, i);
while(x >= t) {
a[i]++;
x -= t;
}
}
for(i = m;i >= 0; i--) {
if(flag == 0) {
if(a[i] > 0) {
flag = 1;
printf("%c", xx[a[i]]);
}
}
else
printf("%c", xx[a[i]]);
}
printf("\n");
}
int get_m(int n) {
int m = 0, i, x = 1;
for(i = 1; ; i++) {
x *= n;
if(x > 0) m ++;
else return m;
}
}
int mypow(int n, int i) {
int j, x = 1;
for(j = 1;j <= i; j++)
x *= n;
return x;
}
实验结论
实验任务6
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
#define M 4
void output(int x[][N], int n);
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n);
int main() {
int t[][N] = {{21, 12 ,13, 24},
{25, 16, 47, 38},
{29, 11, 32, 54},
{42, 21, 33, 10}};
printf("原始矩阵:\n");
output(t, M);
rotate_to_right(t, M);
printf("变换后矩阵:\n");
output(t, M);
return 0;
}
void output(int x[][N], int n) {
int i, j;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++) {
for(j = 0;j < n; j++)
printf("%4d", x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n) {
int i, j;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++) {
int t = x[i][n - 1];
for(j = n - 1;j > 0; j--) {
x[i][j] = x[i][j - 1];
}
x[i][0] = t;
}
}
实验结论
实验任务7
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char);
int main() {
char text[N] = "c programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";
printf("原始文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
replace(text, 'i', '*');
printf("处理后文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
return 0;
}
void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char) {
int i;
for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)
if(x[i] == old_char)
x[i] = new_char;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
void delet(char x[], char ch);
int main() {
char text[N], ch;
printf("输入一个字符串:");
gets(text);
printf("输入一个字符:");
ch = getchar();
printf("原始文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
printf("截断处理...\n");
delet(text, ch);
printf("处理后文本: \n");
printf("%s\n", text);
return 0;
}
void delet(char x[], char ch) {
int i, t = 0;
for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)
if(x[i] != ch)
x[t++] = x[i];
else break ;
x[t] = '\0';
}
//spring summer autumn winter u
实验结论
回答问题
replace函数的功能是将字符串中所有的特定字符替换为另一个字符
'\0'是终止符,出现在数组最后一个元素的后一个位置,出现这个字符则说明数组已经遍历完,所以可以作为结束循环条件。
实验任务8
实验代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 5
#define M 20
void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n);
int main() {
char name[][M] = {"Bob", "Bill", "Joseph", "Taylor", "George"};
int i;
printf("输出初始名单:\n");
for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
printf("%s\n", name[i]);
printf("\n排序中\n");
bubble_sort(name, N);
printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n");
for(i = 0;i < N; i++)
printf("%s\n", name[i]);
return 0;
}
void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n) {
int i, j;
char tmp[M];
for(i = 0;i < n; i++)
for(j = n - 1;j > i; j--)
if(strcmp(str[j], str[j - 1]) < 0) {
strcpy(tmp, str[j]);
strcpy(str[j], str[j - 1]);
strcpy(str[j - 1], tmp);
}
}