第三十天

题目：

为复数类Complex重载实现+，-，*，/，<<,>>等运算符，main(void)函数完成对其的测试。@

Complex类结构说明：

 

Complex类的数据成员包括：
①私有数据成员：实部real(double型)，虚部imag(double型)。
Complex类成员函数包括：
①有参构造函数Complex(double, double)，其中参数默认值为0。
②重载运算符+以实现两个Complex的加法运算。
③重载运算符-以实现两个Complex的减法运算。
④重载运算符*以实现两个Complex的乘法运算。
⑤重载运算符/以实现两个Complex的除法运算。
⑥重载运算符<<以实现Complex对象的格式输出，输出格式要求：
<实部>+<虚部>i
例如：10.0，10.0+4.7i，10.0-4.7i，-4.7i，0等。
⑦重载运算符>>以实现Complex对象的格式输入，输入格式要求：
<实部>+<虚部>i
例如：10.0，10.0+4.7i，10.0-4.7i，-4.7i，0等。

 

###裁判测试程序样例：

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

/*请在这里填写答案*/

int main()      //主函数
{
    Complex c1(1, 1), c2(-1, -1), c3;    //定义复数类的对象
    cin>>c1;
    cout <<c1<<endl;
    cout <<c2<<endl;
    c3 = c1 - c2;
    cout << c3<<endl;
    c3 = c1 + c2;
    cout << c3<<endl;
    c3=c1 * c2;
    cout << c3<<endl;
    c3=c1 / c2;
    cout << c3<<endl;
    return 0;
}

 

###输入样例：

10.0-4.7i

 

###输出样例：

10-4.7i
-1-1i
11-3.7i
9-5.7i
-14.7-5.3i
-2.65+7.35i

 代码：

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

class Complex {

private:

double real;

double imag;

public:

Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : real(r), imag(i) {}

friend Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);

friend Complex operator-(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);

friend Complex operator\*(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);

friend Complex operator/(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);

friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex& c);

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Complex& c);

};

Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {

return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);

}

Complex operator-(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {

return Complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imag - c2.imag);

}

Complex operator*(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {

double r = c1.real \* c2.real - c1.imag \* c2.imag;

double i = c1.real \* c2.imag + c1.imag \* c2.real;

return Complex(r, i);

}

Complex operator/(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {

double denominator = c2.real \* c2.real + c2.imag \* c2.imag;

double r = (c1.real \* c2.real + c1.imag \* c2.imag) / denominator;

double i = (c1.imag \* c2.real - c1.real \* c2.imag) / denominator;

return Complex(r, i);

}

istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex& c) {

string input;

getline(is, input); // 读取一整行

double r = 0, i = 0;

// 使用字符串流解析输入，支持+-符号和小数点

istringstream iss(input);

char ch;

iss >> r;

iss >> ch;

if (ch == '-') {

    iss >> i;

    i = -1 \* i;

    iss >> ch;

}

else if (ch == '+') {

    iss >> i;

    iss >> ch;

}

else {

    i = 0;

}

if (ch != 'i') is.setstate(ios::failbit); // 如果没有读到i,则报错

c.real = r;

c.imag = i;

return is;

}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Complex& c) {

if (c.real != 0) os << c.real;

if (c.imag > 0) os << " + ";

if (c.imag != 0) os << c.imag << "i";

if (c.real == 0 && c.imag == 0) os << "0";

return os;

}

int main() {

Complex c1(1, 1), c2(-1, -1), c3;

cin >> c1;

cout << c1 << endl;

cout << c2 << endl;

c3 = c1 - c2;

cout << c3 << endl;

c3 = c1 + c2;

cout << c3 << endl;

c3 = c1 \* c2;

cout << c3 << endl;

c3 = c1 / c2;

cout << c3 << endl;

return 0;

}