组播Lab RPF TTL

路由器检查到达的组播包源地址，在组/单播路由表中查找是否有到达源地址的路由，如果从此路由下一跳的接口进来的组播包，则RPF检验成功，并转发，否则丢弃。

在RPF Check中，只能有一个输入接口，选举方法按如下顺序：
在组/单播路由表查找去往源的路由。
Lower AD>Longest Match>Lower Metric>Higher IP
R2(config)#ip mroute 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.255 serial 0/0 89
R2(config)#ip mroute 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.255 12.1.1.1 89

R1:

ip multicast-routing
int lo 0
ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
int f0/0
no sh
int f0/0.12
en do 12
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip pim dense-mode

int f0/0.13
en do 13
no sh
ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode

int f0/0.31
en do 31
ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip pim dense-mode

router eigrp 100
no au
net 10.0.0.0
net 13.0.0.0
net 12.0.0.0
net 1.0.0.0

R2:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

ip multicast-routing
int lo 0
ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

int f0/0
no sh
int f0/0.12
en do 12
no sh
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode

router eigrp 100
no au
net 12.0.0.0
net 2.0.0.0

R3:++++++++++++++++++++++++

ip multicast-routing
int lo 0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

int f0/0

no sh
int f0/0.31
en do 31
ip add 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode

int f0/0.13
en do 13
no sh
ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode

int f0/0.35
en do 35
no sh
ip add 35.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode

router eigrp 100
no au
net 35.0.0.0
net 13.0.0.0
net 3.0.0.0

R5:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

no ip routing
int f0/0
no sh
int f0/0.35
en do 35
ip add 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip igmp join-group 224.1.1.1

ip default-gateway 35.1.1.3

========================================

让R2去ping 224.1.1.1 使其产生组播包。
R2#ping 224.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 35.1.1.5, 164 ms

R1#debug ip mpacket

R3#debug ip mpacket

R1#sh ip mcache //默认情况下，组播快速转发是开启的，所以第二次PING，debug并没有相关信息产生。
IP Multicast Fast-Switching Cache
(12.1.1.1/32, 224.1.1.1), Serial2/2, Last used: 00:00:09, MinMTU: 1500
FastEthernet0/0 MAC Header: 01005E010101CC040E1C00000800

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

把所有组播快速转发关闭
R2#ping 224.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 34.1.1.4, 212 ms //R2只发送一个组播包

R1一旦接收此组播包，会复制此包然后往OIL的接口发送。
(12.1.1.1, 224.1.1.1), 00:01:38/00:01:31, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial2/2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial2/3, Prune/Dense, 00:01:38/00:01:24, A
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:01:38/00:00:00

*Mar 1 00:13:12.271: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) id=2, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:13:12.275: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) id=2, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:13:12.383: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) d=224.1.1.1 id=2, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface

R3:
*Mar 1 00:13:10.411: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) d=224.1.1.1 id=2, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface
*Mar 1 00:13:10.415: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) id=2, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:13:10.419: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) id=2, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward

R3是从F0/0口学习到的，因为在IP单播表里，到达R2的接口是F0/0，RPF成功，而S2/3失败。

再往后发数据包时，不会往Serial 2/3发送了。
R3++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
*Mar 1 00:21:09.515: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) id=3, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:21:09.519: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) id=3, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:21:09.527: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) d=224.1.1.1 id=3, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface
R3#
*Mar 1 00:21:18.035: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) id=4, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward

R1++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
*Mar 1 00:21:11.331: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) id=3, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:21:11.335: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) id=3, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward
*Mar 1 00:21:11.443: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) d=224.1.1.1 id=3, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface
R1#
*Mar 1 00:21:19.875: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) id=4, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward

R3#show ip rpf 10.1.1.2
RPF information for ? (10.1.1.2)
RPF interface: FastEthernet0/0
RPF neighbor: ? (10.1.1.2) - directly connected
RPF route/mask: 10.1.1.0/24
RPF type: unicast (connected)
RPF recursion count: 0
Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables
R3#

把F0/0的pim给去掉

因为RPF是F0/0不是S2/3口，所以组播包不通。
R2#ping 224.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.

此时R1接收到组播包会正常转发的
*Mar 1 00:27:01.735: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/2) d=224.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) id=6, prot=1, len=100(100), mforward

但在R3上丢弃了
*Mar 1 00:26:59.847: IP(0): s=12.1.1.1 (Serial2/3) d=224.1.1.1 id=6, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface

解决方法：
在R3上添加
ip mroute 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s2/3

ip mroute 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 s2/3 91 //最长匹配原则但因为AD比单播里的eigrp 还要高，所以不选择。造成无法通信。

show ip mroute static

R3(config)#ip multicast longest-match //隐藏命令（开启最长匹配，使其优于AD）

R2#ping 224.1.1.1 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 35.1.1.5, 164 ms
Reply to request 0 from 34.1.1.4, 164 ms

发一个包，收到两个包

R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip multicast ttl-threshold 8

int s2/2
ip multicast ttl-threshold 9

在R2使用扩展PING。TTL=10，正常只收到一个回包，一个丢弃了。

也可以基于地址来设置TTL门限值。

R3#sh ip pim int s2/2 detail
Multicast boundary:not set //默认情况下，所以流量都可以进出
Multicast TTL threshold:9

ip multicast bounday 1
access-list 1 permit 224.1.1.1

posted @ 2020-04-25 10:41 cyrusxx 阅读(125) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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组播Lab RPF TTL

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