LNMP的安装--详细版
一、软件概述
[root@webserver ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@webserver ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
[root@webserver ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.10.3
二、软件安装
1. 通过yum安装必要的开发包到操作系统
[root@webserver ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@webserver ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel ssse2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel gd libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf fontconfig-devel libXpm-devel php-mcrypt libmcrypt-devel
2. 安装nginx
[root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src]# wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0b.tar.gz
[root@webserver /usr/local/src]# tar xf openssl-1.1.0b.tar.gz
[root@webserver /usr/local/src]# cd [root@webserver ~]# groupadd nginx [root@webserver ~]# useradd -g nginx -d /usr/local/nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@webserver ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# cd nginx-1.10.3/ [root@webserver ~/nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.0b --with-http_v2_module [root@webserver ~/nginx-1.10.3]# make [root@webserver ~/nginx-1.10.3]# make install [root@webserver ~]# nginx [root@webserver ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28380/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 832/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 840/zabbix_agentd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 832/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 840/zabbix_agentd
3. yum安装mariadb，如果要安装MySQL，请参照下面链接：
https://www.cnblogs.com/cyleon/p/10040728.html
[root@webserver ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-devel -y
4. 安装PHP
A. 下载安装libmcrypt库（加密算法扩展）
[root@webserver ~]#wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 [root@webserver ~]#tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 [root@webserver ~]#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ [root@webserver libmcrypt-2.5.8~]#./configure && make && make install
B. 下载安装mhash库（提供了一个统一的接口，有大量的哈希算法）
[root@webserver ~]# wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/mhash-0.9.9.9/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/mhash-0.9.9.9]# ./configure && make && make install
C. 创建软链接
[root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
[root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
[root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
[root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
[root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a [root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la [root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so [root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 [root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/lib64//libmcrypt-config [root@webserver ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf #配置文件增加如下内容 /usr/local/lib [root@webserver ~]# ldconfig
D. 下载安装mcrypt库（可实现加密解密功能，即能将明文加密，也要以密文还原）
[root@webserver ~]# wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/mcrypt-2.6.8/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/mcrypt-2.6.8]# ./configure && make && make install
E. 下载安装libiconv库（常用的编码转换库，支持常用的多种编码之前的转换）
[root@webserver ~]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/libiconv-1.14/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/libiconv-1.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv && make && make install 若在./configure中有如下报错： In file included from progname.c:26:0: ./stdio.h:1010:1: error: ‘gets’ undeclared here (not in a function) _GL_WARN_ON_USE (gets, "gets is a security hole - use fgets instead"); ^ make[2]: *** [progname.o] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libiconv-1.14/srclib' make[1]: *** [all] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libiconv-1.14/srclib' make: *** [all] Error 2
解决方法：
[root@webserver /usr/local/src/libiconv-1.14]# vim srclib/stdio.in.h +698 删除些行内容 _GL_WARN_ON_USE (gets, "gets is a security hole - use fgets instead"); 添加如下内容 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && !defined(__UCLIBC__) && !__GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 16) _GL_WARN_ON_USE (gets, "gets is a security hole - use fgets instead"); #endif
F. 下载安装PHP
[root@webserver ~]# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.32.tar.gz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf php-5.6.32.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-iconv \ --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop \ --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd \ --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp --with-gettext --with-libdir=lib6 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# make && make install #进行编译安装 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #拷贝配置文件模板 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝Fastcgi配置文件 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# grep '^[a-z]' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf pid = run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log log_level = notice emergency_restart_threshold = 0 emergency_restart_interval = 0 process_control_timeout = 0 daemonize = yes user = nginx group = nginx listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 35 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 [root@webserver ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/local/php/ 编译报错： configure: error: Don't know how to define struct flock on this system, set --enable-opcache=no
解决方法： [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf #创建此文件加入如下内容 /usr/local/lib64 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32]# ldconfig -v
G. 整合nginx和php
修改nginx配置文件，打开如下注释
[root@webserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /etc/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; #红色部分为nginx发布站点的绝对路径 include fastcgi_params; }
三、启动服务
[root@webserver ~]# nginx [root@webserver ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm [root@webserver ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@webserver ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'guoguo' #配置数据库密码
四、LNMP服务验证
[root@webserver ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 31070/php-fpm: mast tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 31391/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30957/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 836/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 849/zabbix_agentd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 836/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 849/zabbix_agentd 查看phpinfo: [root@webserver ~]# cat /etc/nginx/html/phpinfo.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> http://192.168.7.78/phpinfo.php 查看连接MySQL状态: [root@webserver ~]# cat /etc/nginx/html/mysql.php <?php $link=MySQL_connect('127.0.0.1','root','guoguo'); if(!$link) echo 'ERROR!'; else echo 'OK!'; MySQL_close(); ?>
五、php安装其它模块
1. 后期需要安装freetds作为PHP连接mssql的扩展，安装freetds
[root@webserver ~]# wget http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/freetds/stable/freetds-stable.tgz [root@webserver ~]# tar xf freetds-stable.tgz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/freetds-0.91/
#tdsver7.0连接SQL Server 2000
#tdsver8.0连接SQL Server 2005或2008
[root@webserver /usr/local/src/freetds-0.91]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetds0.91 --enable-msdblib --with-tdsver=8.0 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/freetds-0.91]# make && make install [root@webserver ~]# echo "/usr/local/freetds0.91/lib/" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/freetds.conf #配置动态连接库 [root@webserver ~]# ln -s /usr/local/freetds0.91/lib/libsybdb.so.5.0.0 /usr/local/freetds0.91/lib/libsybdb.so.4 [root@webserver ~]# ldconfig
[root@webserver /usr/local/freetds0.91/bin]# ./tsql -C #测试是否安装成功 Compile-time settings (established with the "configure" script) Version: freetds v0.91 freetds.conf directory: /usr/local/freetds0.91/etc MS db-lib source compatibility: yes Sybase binary compatibility: no Thread safety: yes iconv library: yes TDS version: 5.0 iODBC: no unixodbc: no SSPI "trusted" logins: no Kerberos: no
2. 安装freetds的php扩展
[root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/mssql/ #此目录为PHP源码的安装目录 [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/mssql]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/mssql]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-mssql=/usr/local/freetds0.91/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/mssql]# make && make install [root@webserver ~]# ls /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/ #php5.4之后已经自动把扩展复制到了此目录
mssql.so opcache.a opcache.so [root@webserver ~]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #添加扩展配置到php.ini extension = '/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/mssql.so'
#最后重启web服务即可
3. 安装pdo_dblib模块
[root@webserver ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/pdo_dblib/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/pdo_dblib]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/pdo_dblib]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-dblib=/usr/local/freetds0.91/ [root@webserver /usr/local/src/php-5.6.32/ext/pdo_dblib]# make && make install [root@webserver ~]# ls /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/pdo_dblib.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/pdo_dblib.so [root@webserver ~]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini [root@webserver ~]# killall php-fpm [root@webserver ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
4. 安装memcached扩展
php的扩展memcache，不支持cas，所以要安装memcached扩展，memcached扩展是基于libmemcached，所以要先安装libmemcached。
A. 先编译安装libmemcached
# wget https://launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/1.0.18/+download/libmemcached-1.0.18.tar.gz # tar xf libmemcached-1.0.18 # cd libmemcached-1.0.18/ ./configure --with-memcached --enable-sasl # make 报错： clients/memflush.cc: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: clients/memflush.cc:42:22: error: ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer [-fpermissive] if (opt_servers == false) ^~~~~ clients/memflush.cc:51:24: error: ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer [-fpermissive] if (opt_servers == false) ^~~~~ make[1]: *** [clients/memflush.o] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/libmemcached-1.0.18' make: *** [all] Error 2 解决方法： # vim clients/memflush.cc 替换42和51行的以下内容 if (opt_servers == false) 替换为 if (!opt_servers) 参考链接：https://src.fedoraproject.org/cgit/rpms/libmemcached.git/plain/libmemcached-build.patch 重新编译安装 # make && make install
B. 编译安装php扩展php-memcached，通过这个可以用php来操作memcached
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcached-2.2.0.tgz # tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz # cd memcache-2.2.0/ # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --disable-memcached-sasl # make && make install 加入php.ini中引用memcached.so即可 extension=memcached.so
5. imagick扩展（切图和缩图效果）安装
# wget http://www.imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick.tar.gz # tar -xf ImageMagick # cd ImageMagick-7.0.7-22/ # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/imagemagick # make && make install # wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.4.3.tgz # tar -xf imagick-3.4.3.tgz # cd imagick-3.4.3 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-imagick=/usr/local/imagemagick # make && make install
6. 安装redis扩展
# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/redis-3.1.0.tgz # tar xf redis-3.1.0.tgz # cd redis-3.1.0 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config # make && make install # echo "extension=redis.so" >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
7.安装yar扩展
# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/yar-1.1.1.tgz # tar xf yar-1.1.1.tgz # cd yar-1.1.1 # /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config # make & make install # echo "extension=yar.so" >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
8. 安装openssl扩展
# cd php-5.4.24/ext/openssl/ # 运行phpize有如何报错，找不到config.m4 # /usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/phpize Cannot find config.m4. Make sure that you run '/usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/phpize' in the top level source directory of the module # 解决办法： # ls config0.m4 config.w32 CREDITS openssl.c openssl.dsp openssl.mak php_openssl.h README tests xp_ssl.c # mv config0.m4 config.m4 # /usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/php-config # make && make install
# echo "extension = openssl.so" >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
9. 安装pdo_mysql扩展
# cd php-5.4.24/ext/pod_mysql/ # /usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php-5.4.24/bin/php-config # make && make install # echo "extension = pod_mysql.so" >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
