SpringBoot Web开发
1、简介
使用SpringBoot；
1）、创建SpringBoot应用，选中我们需要的模块；
2）、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了，只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3）、自己编写业务代码；
自动配置原理？
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么？能不能修改？能修改哪些配置？能不能扩展？Xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration：帮我们给容器中自动配置组件；
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容；
看这个jar下面
2、SpringBoot对静态资源的访问规则
Spring mvc的相关配置都在WebMvcAutoConfiguration里面
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
WebMvcProperties mvcProperties, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider
.getIfAvailable();
}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数，缓存时间等
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = {
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache()
.getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry
.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod))
.setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod))
.setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
}
//配置欢迎页
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext),
applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Override
public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler.setLocations(resolveFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
1）、所有 /webjars/** ，都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源；
webjars：以jar包的方式引入静态资源；
http://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入juqery依赖 访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2）、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去（静态资源的文件夹）找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/"：当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3）、欢迎页； 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面；被"/**"映射；
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4）、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找；
3、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf；
语法更简单，功能更强大；
1、使用Thymeleaf渲染页面
引入pom依赖
<!--引入thymeleaf依赖 依赖版本可以在GitHub上面去找 https://github.com/thymeleaf/thymeleaf/releases-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
如果有需要可以切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!‐‐ 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 ‐‐>
<!‐‐ thymeleaf2 layout1‐‐>
<thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>
</properties>
Thymeleaf使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/，thymeleaf就能自动渲染；
使用:
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
2、使用thymeleaf语法
@RequestMapping("/getData")
public String getData(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("name","hello");
return "index";
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>哈哈</h1>
<div th:text="${name}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3、语法规则
1）、th:text；改变当前元素里面的文本内容；
th：任意html属性；来替换原生属性的值
2）、表达式？
Simple expressions:（表达式语法）
Variable Expressions: ${...}：获取变量值；OGNL；
1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2）、使用内置的基本对象：
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3）、内置的一些工具对象：
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}：选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样；
补充：配合 th:object="${session.user}：
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}：获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}：定义URL；
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
SpringMVC的自动配置
Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
1)自动配置了ViewResolver（视图解析器：根据方法的返回值得到视图对象（View）,视图对象决定如何渲染（转发？重定向？））
2) ContentNegotiatingViewResolver：组合所有的视图解析器的；
3)如何定制：我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器；自动的将其组合进来；
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean({ViewResolver.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(
name = {"viewResolver"},
value = {ContentNegotiatingViewResolver.class}
)
public ContentNegotiatingViewResolver viewResolver(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();
resolver.setContentNegotiationManager((ContentNegotiationManager)beanFactory
.getBean(ContentNegotiationManager.class));
resolver.setOrder(-2147483648);
return resolver;
}
l Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
l Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
l Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
l 自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.
l Converter：转换器； public String hello(User user)：类型转换使用ConverterFormatter 格式化器； 2017.12.17===Date；
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
自己添加的格式化器转换器，我们只需要放在容器中即可
l Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
(1) HttpMessageConverter：SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的；User---Json；
(2)HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定；获取所有的HttpMessageConverter；
==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter，只需要将自己的组件注册容器中（@Bean,@Component）==
l Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
l Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
==我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的；（添加到容器）==
初始化WebDataBinder；
请求数据=====JavaBean；
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web：web的所有自动场景；
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
SpringMVC的扩展
以前的拦截器
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
编写一个配置类（@Configuration），是WebMvcConfigurer类型；不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了所有的自动配置，也能用我们扩展的配置；
public class MyMVCConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("/success");
}
}
原理:
1）、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2）、在做其他自动配置时会导入；@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一个参考实现；将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用；
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
3）、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用；
4）、我们的配置类也会被调用；
效果：SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用
全面接管springMVC
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了，所有都是我们自己配置；所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可；
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc//使用WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
public class MyConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//浏览器发送 /index 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理：
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了；
1）@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
}
2）
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3）
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候，这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4）、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来；
5）、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能；
修改SpringBoot的默认配置
模式：
1）、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候，先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的（@Bean、@Component）如
果有就用用户配置的，如果没有，才自动配置；如果有些组件可以有多个（ViewResolver）将用户配置的和自己默
认的组合起来；
2）、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3）、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
使用Freemarker模板引擎渲染Web视图
pom文件
<!-- 引入freeMarker的依赖包. -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
</dependency>
后台代码
在src/main/resources/创建一个templates文件夹,后缀为*.ftl
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index(Map<String, Object> map) {
map.put("name","美丽的天使...");
return "index";
}
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
${name}
</body>
</html>
freemarker配置
新建application.properties文件
########################################################
###FREEMARKER (FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration)
########################################################
spring.freemarker.allow-request-override=false
spring.freemarker.cache=true
spring.freemarker.check-template-location=true
spring.freemarker.charset=UTF-8
spring.freemarker.content-type=text/html
spring.freemarker.expose-request-attributes=false
spring.freemarker.expose-session-attributes=false
spring.freemarker.expose-spring-macro-helpers=false
#spring.freemarker.prefix=
#spring.freemarker.request-context-attribute=
#spring.freemarker.settings.*=
spring.freemarker.suffix=.ftl
spring.freemarker.template-loader-path=classpath:/templates/
#comma-separated list
#spring.freemarker.view-names= # whitelist of view names that can be resolved
使用JSP渲染Web视图
pom文件
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringBoot 核心组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在application.properties创建以下配置
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
后台代码
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index() {
return "index";
}
}
注意:创建SpringBoot整合JSP，一定要为war类型，否则会找不到页面.
