集合之HashMap

集合之HashMap

HashMap是HashSet的底层,下面HashSet为例,说明重写equals和hashCode的重要性。

只重写equals

以下代码重写了equals:

package com.javalearn.map.hash;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

public class TestForHash {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student("zhang");
        Student s2 = new Student("zhang");
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));  // 未重写equals时,比较内存地址,返回false,重写后,比较内容,返回true
        Set<Student> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add(s1);
        set.add(s2);
        System.out.println(set.size());  // set应该不可重复,s1和s2是相同的,却都能存进set中,这是因为他们的哈希值所映射到的底层数组下标不同,绕过了equals判断
    }
}

class Student {
    public String name;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (obj == null || getClass()!= obj.getClass()) return false;
        Student student = (Student) obj;
        return Objects.equals(name,student.name);  // 调用了name的equals,从object到string,方法重写
    }
}

输出结果:

true
2

重写equals和hashCode

以下代码重写了equals和hashCode:

package com.javalearn.map.hash;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

public class TestForHash {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student("zhang");
        Student s2 = new Student("zhang");
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));  // 未重写equals时,比较内存地址,返回false,重写后,比较内容,返回true
        Set<Student> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add(s1);
        set.add(s2);
        System.out.println(set.size());  // 这时候只有1个元素,因为两者哈希值能被分配到同一个数组下标
    }
}

class Student {
    public String name;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (obj == null || getClass()!= obj.getClass()) return false;
        Student student = (Student) obj;
        return Objects.equals(name,student.name);  // 调用了name的equals,从object到string,方法重写
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {  // IDEA自带同时重写equals和hashCode的功能
        return Objects.hash(name);
    }
}

输出结果:

true
1
posted on 2021-12-11 12:37  菜小疯  阅读(31)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报