IO流之FileInputStream
IO流之FileInputStream
读文件
基本读文件
以下代码使用FileInputStream来读取硬盘中的文件数据:
package com.javalearn.io.primary;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForFileInputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\javaProject\\file1"); // file1文件无扩展名,内含6个字符abcdef
int data = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(data); // 输出结果为字符的ascll码
data = fileInputStream.read(); // 默认有指针指向文件开头,每执行一次read,指针后移
System.out.println(data);
data = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(data);
data = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(data);
data = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(data);
data = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(data);
data = fileInputStream.read(); // 后移到最后没有字符时,返回-1
System.out.println(data);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) { // 关闭流的前提:流非空,避免空指针异常
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
97
98
99
100
101
102
-1
用while循环读文件
以下代码使用FileInputStream+while循环来读文件:
package com.javalearn.io.primary2;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForFileInputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\javaProject\\file1");
while (true) {
int readData = fileInputStream.read();
if(readData == -1) {
break;
}
System.out.println(readData);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
97
98
99
100
101
102
优化while循环读文件
以下代码使用FileInputStream+while循环读文件,比上一个方法有优化:
package com.javalearn.io.primary2;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForFileInputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\javaProject\\file1");
// 以下为优化之处
int readData = 0;
while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) { // 赋值语句外不要忘记加括号,即(readData = fileInputStream.read()),表示readData被赋值后的值。
System.out.println(readData);
}
// 以上为优化之处
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
97
98
99
100
101
102
- 以上三个方法缺点:一次读取一个字节,内存和硬盘交互太频繁。
文件读入byte数组中
以下代码把文件读入到byte数组中,实现一次读取多个字节:
package com.javalearn.io.readbybyte;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForFileInputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("file1"); //file1文件中有 abcdef 6个字符
byte[] bytes = new byte[4]; // 一次最多读4个字符
int readCount = fileInputStream.read(bytes); // 返回值为读到了多少个字节
System.out.println(readCount); //读取到4个
System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,readCount)); //读到了什么内容
readCount = fileInputStream.read(bytes); // 继续往后读,byte数组用尽后,从头开始覆盖
System.out.println(readCount); //读取到剩下的2个
System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,readCount));
readCount = fileInputStream.read(bytes); // 继续往后读
System.out.println(readCount); // 没了,返回-1
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream!=null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
4
abcd
2
ef
-1
优化 文件读入byte数组中
以下代码依然是文件读入byte数组中,不同的是,增加了while循环,直接读取文件全部内容:
package com.javalearn.io.bestfileinputstream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForFileInputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("file1");
byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
int count = 0;
while ((count = fileInputStream.read(bytes))!= -1) {
System.out.print(new String(bytes,0,count)); // 此处sout中的println需要改为print,这样才会保留文件内容的原始格式
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
abcdef
available方法
available方法用于返回剩余未读字节数量,可以用它来避免读文件时的while循环:
package com.javalearn.io.available;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForAvailable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("file1");
byte[] bytes = new byte[fileInputStream.available()]; // 预知文件大小,避免while循环,但不适用于大文件,因为数组不能太大
int count = fileInputStream.read(bytes); // 别忘了读取
System.out.println(new String(bytes));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
abcdef
skip 方法
skip方法用于跳过几个字节不读:
package com.javalearn.io.skip;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TestForSkip {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("file1"); // file1存放 abcdef 6个字符
fileInputStream.skip(3); // 跳过3个字节
int a = fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println(a); // d的ascll码
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream!= null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
100