介绍
System.Web.Routing - 此命名空间提供用于 URL 路由的类,通过该类可以使用不映射到物理文件的 URL
示例
1、MyHandler.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
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using System.Web.Routing;
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namespace MVC.RoutingDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// 路由处理程序
/// </summary>
public class MyRouteHandler : IRouteHandler
{
/*
* IRouteHandler - 路由处理程序接口,自定义的路由处理程序都要实现这个接口
* 该接口有一个方法 IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
* 此方法需要返回一个处理该路由的 http 处理程序 (HttpHandler)
* RequestContext - 封装所请求的路由的相关信息和当前的 http 上下文信息
* RequestContext.HttpContext - 当前的 http 上下文信息
* RequestContext.RouteData - 所请求的路由的相关信息
*/
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public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
{
return new MyHttpHandler(requestContext);
}
}
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/// <summary>
/// 自定义的 http 处理程序,由路由决定使用哪个 http 处理程序
/// </summary>
public class MyHttpHandler : IHttpHandler
{
public RequestContext RequestContext { get; private set; }
public MyHttpHandler(RequestContext context)
{
RequestContext = context;
}
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public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext)
{
/*
* RouteData - 所请求的路由的相关信息
* RouteData.Values - 一个字典表(key - 路由参数;value - 路由值)
* RouteData.DataTokens - 自定义需要传递的数据,也是一个字典表
* RouteData.GetRequiredString(string key) - 获取指定的路由参数所对应的路由值
*/
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httpContext.Response.Write("相关参数为:<br />");
foreach (var dic in RequestContext.RouteData.Values)
{
httpContext.Response.Write(dic.Key + " : " + dic.Value + "<br />");
}
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httpContext.Response.Write("相关Token为:<br />");
foreach (var dic in RequestContext.RouteData.DataTokens)
{
httpContext.Response.Write(dic.Key + " : " + dic.Value + "<br />");
}
}
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public bool IsReusable
{
get { return false; }
}
}
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/// <summary>
/// 如果有 n 多的路由处理程序,为了方便调用,减少代码,我们可以将其写成一个 Factory 类,如下:
/// </summary>
public class RouteHandlerFactory : IRouteHandler
{
private string _name;
public RouteHandlerFactory(string name)
{
_name = name;
}
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public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
{
if (_name == "My")
return new MyHttpHandler(requestContext);
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return new MyHttpHandler(requestContext);
}
}
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/// <summary>
/// 演示不经过路由,根据 web.config 中的 HttpHandler 相关配置,由此 HttpHandler 直接处理相关请球。具体配置见 Global.asax
/// </summary>
public class XXXHttpHandler : IHttpHandler
{
public XXXHttpHandler()
{
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}
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public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
{
context.Response.Write(context.Request.Url.ToString());
}
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public bool IsReusable
{
get { return false; }
}
}
}
2、Web.config
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<system.web>
<httpHandlers>
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<!--
配置一个自定义的 HttpHandler,用于处理后缀名为 xxx 的页面
如果不需要将 *.xxx 交给路由处理,而是直接让指定的 HttpHandler 处理,请参看 Global.asax 中的配置
-->
<add verb="*" path="*.xxx" type="MVC.RoutingDemo.XXXHttpHandler" />
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</httpHandlers>
<httpModules>
<!--
UrlRoutingModule - 用于匹配 asp.net 应用程序中的路由的 http 请求
该模块找到匹配路由后,会检索 IRouteHandler 对象,以查找该路由,然后从该路由处理程序获取一个 IHttpHandler 对象,并将该对象用作当前请求的 http 处理程序
-->
<add name="UrlRoutingModule" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule, System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/>
</httpModules>
</system.web>
</configuration>
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3、Global.asax.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
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namespace MVC
{
// Note: For instructions on enabling IIS6 or IIS7 classic mode,
// visit http://go.microsoft.com/?LinkId=9394801
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public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
/* 路由方向:自上而下,查找到匹配的就去处理,而不会继续往下做匹配 */
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/*
* RouteCollection - 路由集合
* RouteCollection.IgnoreRoute() - 指定的地址不由路由处理
* RouteCollection.Add() - 新增一个路由配置
* RouteCollection.MapRoute() - 映射一个路由(Add() 方法的简化版,内部会自动调用 MvcRouteHandler)
*/
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// .asd 文件不走此路由
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
// .xxx 文件不走此路由
routes.Add(new Route("{resource}.xxx/{*pathInfo}", new StopRoutingHandler()));
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/*
* RouteValueDictionary - 不区分大小写的 key/value 字典表
* Route - 路由的相关信息
* Route.Url - 路由的 url 匹配模式,{ } 内的为需要匹配的路由参数名
* Route.Defaults - 路由参数的默认值
* Route.RouteHandler - 路由对应的路由处理程序
* Route.DataTokens - 自定义需要传递的数据
* Route.Constraints - 约束参数值的有效性(可以是正则表达式(不区分大小写),也可以是实现了 IRouteConstraint 的对象)
*/
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Route route = new Route(
"Routing/{parent}/{child}",
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// RouteValueDictionary - 可以接收一个匿名对象为参数,属性名转换为 key, 属性值转换为 value
new RouteValueDictionary(new { parent = "ria", child = "silverlight", controller = "Product", action = "Index" }),
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new RoutingDemo.MyRouteHandler()
);
route.DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary(new { token1 = "abc", token2 = "xyz" });
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// HttpMethodConstraint - 实现了 IRouteConstraint 接口的类,用于约束 http 方法
route.Constraints = new RouteValueDictionary(new { parent = @"^[a-zA-Z]+$", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") });
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// 将路由添加进路由集合,名称可以随便设置,但必须唯一(也可以不设置路由名称)
routes.Add("MyRoutingDemo", route);
// routes.Add(route);
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// * - 路由也支持通配符
// {*param} - 代表匹配任意值,其中路由参数名为 param
routes.Add(new Route("Wildcard/{*param}", new RouteValueDictionary(new { controller = "Product", action = "Index" }), new RoutingDemo.MyRouteHandler()));
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// MapRoute() 封装了 Add(), MapRoute() 内部会自动调用 MvcRouteHandler
// 其中必须要有 controller 项和 action 项
// 其中设置 namespaces 参数相当于 route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces;
routes.MapRoute(
"Products",
"ProductList/{pageIndex}",
new { controller = "Product", action = "Index", pageIndex = 0 }
);
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routes.MapRoute(
"Default", // Route name
"{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } // Parameter defaults
);
}
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protected void Application_Start()
{
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
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// 调试路由(需要 RouteDebug.dll),调用如下语句后,会在每个页面都显示详细的路由信息
// RouteDebug.RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes);
}
}
}
System.Web.Routing - 此命名空间提供用于 URL 路由的类,通过该类可以使用不映射到物理文件的 URL
- IRouteHandler - 路由处理程序接口,自定义的路由处理程序都要实现这个接口
- RequestContext - 封装所请求的路由的相关信息和当前的 http 上下文信息
- RouteData - 所请求的路由的相关信息
- RouteCollection - 路由集合
- RouteValueDictionary - 不区分大小写的 key/value 字典表
- Route - 路由的相关信息
示例
1、MyHandler.cs
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2、Web.config
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3、Global.asax.cs
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