Spring视频学习(七)Spring的AOP
一、总括
实现AOP的技术,主要分为两大类:一是采用动态代理技术,利用截取消息的方式,对该消息进行装饰,以取代原有对象行为的执行;二是采用静态织入的方式,引入特定的语法创建“方面”,从而使得编译器可以在编译期间织入有关“方面”的代码。然而殊途同归,实现AOP的技术特性却是相同的,分别为:
http://wayfarer.cnblogs.com/articles/241024.html
1、join point(连接点):是程序执行中的一个精确执行点,例如类中的一个方法。它是一个抽象的概念,在实现AOP时,并不需要去定义一个join point。
2、point cut(切入点):本质上是一个捕获连接点的结构。在AOP中,可以定义一个point cut,来捕获相关方法的调用。
3、advice(通知):是point cut的执行代码,是执行“方面”的具体逻辑。
4、aspect(方面):point cut和advice结合起来就是aspect,它类似于OOP中定义的一个类,但它代表的更多是对象间横向的关系。
5、introduce(引入):为对象引入附加的方法或属性,从而达到修改对象结构的目的。有的AOP工具又将其称为mixin。
上述的技术特性组成了基本的AOP技术,大多数AOP工具均实现了这些技术。它们也可以是研究AOP技术的基本术语。
所需的jar包
二、基于注解的AOP
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd "> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy> <bean id="myInterceptor" class="com.persia.service.MyInterceptor"></bean> <bean id="personServiceImpl" class="com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl"></bean> </beans>
一个切面的定义如下: import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; @Aspect //声明一个切面 public class MyInterceptor { //用来定义要拦截的方法 @Pointcut("execution (* com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..))") private void anyMethod(){}//声明一个切入点 @Before("anyMethod() &&args(userName)")//切入点的名称,附加条件:要求有String类型的参数,即这里只拦截save(String name)方法 public void doAccessCheck(String userName){ System.out.println("前置通知"+userName); } @AfterReturning(pointcut="anyMethod()",returning="result") public void doAfterReturning(String result){ System.out.println("后置通知"+result); } @After("anyMethod()") public void doAfter(){ System.out.println("最终通知"); } @AfterThrowing(pointcut="anyMethod()",throwing="e") public void doThrowing(Exception e){ System.out.println("例外通知"+e); } @Around("anyMethod()") public Object arround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable{ System.out.println("进入方法"); Object result=pjp.proceed();//确保切面能够进行,比较适合在这里做权限判断,没有权限则不执行proceed System.out.println("退出进入方法"); return result; } }
Junit测试如下:
package junit.test; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.persia.service.IPersonService; public class SpringAopTest { @BeforeClass public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception { } @Test public void interceptorTest(){ ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); IPersonService personService=(IPersonService) cxt.getBean("personServiceImpl"); personService.save("hello"); // personService.getPersonName(1); } }
服务类:
public class PersonServiceImpl implements IPersonService { public String getPersonName(Integer id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("我是getPersonName方法"); return "spring aop"; } public void save(String name) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //throw new RuntimeException("测试例外异常"); System.out.println("我是save方法"); } public void update(String name, Integer id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("我是update方法"); } }
结果:
前置通知hello
进入方法
我是save方法
后置通知null
最终通知
退出进入方法
三、基于XML的AOP
XML配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd "> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy> <bean id="personService" class="com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl"></bean> <bean id="aspectBean" class="com.persia.service.MyInterceptor"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect id="myaop" ref="aspectBean"> <aop:pointcut id="mycut" expression="execution(* com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
<aop:before pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAccessCheck"/> <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfterReturning"/> <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doThrowing"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfter"/> <aop:around pointcut-ref="mycut" method="arround"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
切面的定义无需注解:
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; public class MyInterceptor { public void doAccessCheck(){ System.out.println("前置通知"); } public void doAfterReturning(){ System.out.println("后置通知"); } public void doAfter(){ System.out.println("最终通知"); } public void doThrowing(){ System.out.println("例外通知"); } public Object arround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable{ System.out.println("进入方法"); Object result=pjp.proceed();//确保切面能够进行,比较适合在这里做权限判断,没有权限则不执行proceed System.out.println("退出进入方法"); return result; } }
注意,上面的XML配置不提供参数的支持,若切面里的方法有参数,会报错:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'personServiceImpl' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#0': Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: error at ::0 formal unbound in pointcut at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:405) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:220) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:429) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:729) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:381) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83) at junit.test.SpringAopTest.interceptorTest(SpringAopTest.java:18) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.executeMethodBody(TestMethodRunner.java:99) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runUnprotected(TestMethodRunner.java:81) at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.runMethod(TestMethodRunner.java:75) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethodRunner.run(TestMethodRunner.java:45) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.invokeTestMethod(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:66) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassMethodsRunner.run(TestClassMethodsRunner.java:35) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner$1.runUnprotected(TestClassRunner.java:42) at org.junit.internal.runners.BeforeAndAfterRunner.runProtected(BeforeAndAfterRunner.java:34) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.run(TestClassRunner.java:52) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#0': Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: error at ::0 formal unbound in pointcut at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:243) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:923) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:833) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:440) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:220) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanFactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.findAdvisorBeans(BeanFactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.java:87) at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findCandidateAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:98) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.findCandidateAdvisors(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.java:83) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.shouldSkip(AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:105) at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:266) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:789) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.resolveBeforeInstantiation(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:760) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:399) ... 33 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: error at ::0 formal unbound in pointcut at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:111) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:87) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:237) ... 52 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: error at ::0 formal unbound in pointcut at org.aspectj.weaver.tools.PointcutParser.parsePointcutExpression(PointcutParser.java:316) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut.buildPointcutExpression(AspectJExpressionPointcut.java:205) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut.checkReadyToMatch(AspectJExpressionPointcut.java:192) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut.getMethodMatcher(AspectJExpressionPointcut.java:178) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AbstractAspectJAdvice.buildSafePointcut(AbstractAspectJAdvice.java:189) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor.<init>(AspectJPointcutAdvisor.java:51) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:96) ... 54 more
去掉所有方法的参数即可,或者对XML的配置如下:
"execution(java.lang.String com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..))"
代表要拦截返回值为String类型的方法。
"execution(* com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(java.lang.String,..))"
代表要拦截第一个参数为String类型的方法,其他参数不限制。
"execution(!void com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..))"
代表要拦截返回值不是void类型的方法。
"execution(!void com.persia.service..*.*(..))"
代表要拦截com.persia.servie这个包的所有子包.*下的类的所有方法.*
给Advice传递参数如下:
<aop:config> <aop:aspect id="myaop" ref="aspectBean"> <aop:pointcut id="mycut" expression="execution(* com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..))"/> <aop:pointcut id="argcut" expression="execution(* com.persia.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl.*(..)) and args(name)"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAccessCheck" /> <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfterReturning"/> <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doThrowing"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="argcut" method="doAfter" arg-names="name"/> <aop:around pointcut-ref="mycut" method="arround"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
切面的方法定义如下:
public void doAfter(String name){ System.out.println("最终通知" +name); }