使用msvc2019的AddressSanitizer
目录
使用msvc2019的AddressSanitizer
总结
这是至今为止我使用过的几乎最强内存检测工具，能力大大强于application verifier, MSVC CRT, 速度远远快于boundschecker
原创论文 https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/zh-CN//pubs/archive/37752.pdf
msvc工具介绍 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/asan-for-windows-x64-and-debug-build-support/ https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/addresssanitizer-asan-for-windows-with-msvc/
功能
它的原理是使用bitmap记录每一个字节的状况，比如能否写入，在编译器每次读取
- stack-use-after-scope
- stack-buffer-overflow
- stack-buffer-underflow
- heap-buffer-overflow (no underflow)
- heap-use-after-free
- calloc-overflow
- dynamic-stack-buffer-overflow (alloca)
- global-overflow (C++ source code)
- new-delete-type-mismatch
- memcpy-param-overlap
- allocation-size-too-big
- invalid-aligned-alloc-alignment
- use-after-poison
- Intra-object-overflow
- Initialization-order-fiasco
- double-free
- alloc-dealloc-mismatch
性能
AddressSanitizer achieves efficiency without sacrific- ing comprehensiveness. Its average slowdown is just 73% yet it accurately detects bugs at the point of occur- rence. It has found over 300 previously unknown bugs in the Chromium browser and many bugs in other software.
AddressSanitizer在不牺牲全面性的情况下实现了效率。 它的平均速度仅慢了73％，但它可以在发生时准确地检测到错误。 它在Chromium浏览器中发现了300多个以前未知的错误，在其他软件中也发现了许多错误。
AddressSanitizer可以发现越界访问（用于堆，堆栈和全局对象）和释放的堆内存的使用，相对较低的成本降低了73％，并且内存使用量增加了3.4倍，使其成为测试广泛范围的理想选择C / C ++应用程序。
原理
AddressSanitizer由两部分组成：一个指令模块和一个运行时库。指令模块修改代码以检查每次内存访问的影子状态，并在堆栈和全局对象周围创建中毒的红色区域，以检测上溢和下溢。当前的实现基于LLVM [4]编译器基础结构。运行时库替换malloc，free和相关函数，在分配的堆区域周围创建有毒的Redzone，延迟释放的堆区域的重用，并进行错误报告
不能做到的事情
- 未初始化内存
- 某些巧妙的溢出。比如溢出到其他变量区域，却没有擦花红色区域
使用
打开检测，注意打开它和Edit and continue功能冲突，需要关闭后者
测试代码
void ff(double (*t[])(int)) {
int x;
char a[2];
a[2] = 1;
}
运行报如下错
nums contains 4 elements.
=================================================================
==14376==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x00b4566ffcf2 at pc 0x7ff7a01238a5 bp 0x00b4566ffcb0 sp 0x00b4566ffcb8
WRITE of size 1 at 0x00b4566ffcf2 thread T0
==14376==WARNING: Failed to use and restart external symbolizer!
#0 0x7ff7a01238a4 in ff G:\temp\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.cpp:12
#1 0x7ff7a0123a86 in main G:\temp\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.cpp:25
#2 0x7ff7a01270c8 in invoke_main D:\agent\_work\9\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:78
#3 0x7ff7a0126fad in __scrt_common_main_seh D:\agent\_work\9\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:288
#4 0x7ff7a0126e6d in __scrt_common_main D:\agent\_work\9\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:330
#5 0x7ff7a0127158 in mainCRTStartup D:\agent\_work\9\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_main.cpp:16
#6 0x7fff50ca2773 in BaseThreadInitThunk+0x13 (C:\WINDOWS\System32\KERNEL32.DLL+0x180012773)
#7 0x7fff52d60d50 in RtlUserThreadStart+0x20 (C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll+0x180070d50)
Address 0x00b4566ffcf2 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 34 in frame
#0 0x7ff7a01212c6 in ILT+705(_get_startup_file_mode)+0x0 (G:\temp\ConsoleApplication1\x64\Debug\ConsoleApplication1.exe+0x1400012c6)
This frame has 1 object(s):
[32, 34) 'a' <== Memory access at offset 34 overflows this variable
HINT: this may be a false positive if your program uses some custom stack unwind mechanism, swapcontext or vfork
(longjmp, SEH and C++ exceptions *are* supported)
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow G:\temp\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.cpp:12 in ff
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
0x0245b3bdff40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdff50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdff60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdff70: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdff80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
=>0x0245b3bdff90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1[02]f3
0x0245b3bdffa0: f3 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdffb0: f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00 f2 f2 f2 f2 00 00 f3 f3 f3 f3
0x0245b3bdffc0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdffd0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x0245b3bdffe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
Addressable: 00
Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Heap left redzone: fa
Freed heap region: fd
Stack left redzone: f1
Stack mid redzone: f2
Stack right redzone: f3
Stack after return: f5
Stack use after scope: f8
Global redzone: f9
Global init order: f6
Poisoned by user: f7
Container overflow: fc
Array cookie: ac
Intra object redzone: bb
ASan internal: fe
Left alloca redzone: ca
Right alloca redzone: cb
Shadow gap: cc
==14376==ABORTING
G:\temp\ConsoleApplication1\x64\Debug\ConsoleApplication1.exe (process 14376) exited with code 1.
Press any key to close this window . . .
Bug
使用发现这个功能在64bit的时候软件退出的时候总会误报错误，32bit没有问题
用msvc debugger run的时候启动crash, callstack如下
> ntdll.dll!memset () Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!__asan::PoisonShadow(unsigned __int64,unsigned __int64,unsigned char) Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!__asan::AsanMapUnmapCallback::OnMap(unsigned __int64,unsigned __int64) Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!__asan::Allocator::InitLinkerInitialized(struct __asan::AllocatorOptions const &) Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!__asan::AsanInitInternal() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ucrtbased.dll!_initterm(void(*)() * first, void(*)() * last) Line 22 C++ Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!dllmain_crt_process_attach() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!dllmain_crt_dispatch() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!dllmain_dispatch() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
clang_rt.asan_dbg_dynamic-x86_64.dll!_DllMainCRTStartup () Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
verifier.dll!AVrfpStandardDllEntryPointRoutine () Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
vrfcore.dll!VfCoreStandardDllEntryPointRoutine(void *,unsigned long,struct _CONTEXT *) Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpCallInitRoutine() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpInitializeNode() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpInitializeGraphRecurse() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpInitializeGraphRecurse() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpInitializeProcess() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!_LdrpInitialize() Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrpInitialize () Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
ntdll.dll!LdrInitializeThunk () Unknown Non-user code. Symbols loaded.
