在IDEA上,搭建基于SSM框架的人力资源管理系统(HRMS),初期。
零、前言
本文参考该博主的文章,文章链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/yeya/p/10320885.html,由于mysql版本原因及个人项目原因仅做适当修改。
一、开发环境
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JDK:1.8.0_191
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MYSQL:8.0.17
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TOMCAT:8.5.39
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MAVEN:3.3.9(注意:使用的是IDEA自带的,因为2019以下版本的IDEA会与maven有不兼容情况存在,如果使用自己的maven可以在setting.xml中使用阿里云的镜像。)
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IDEA: 2018.3.2
二、创建项目
1. 搭建好环境后,打开IDEA,点击File - New - Project
2. 找到Maven一栏,因为要搭建的SpringMvc项目,所以选择webapp模板
3. 填写好GroupId和ArtifactId后,点击next。
4. 选择自己的maven,再一步步next,直到finish
5. 创建成功后,稍微等一下项目加载,加载完成后,目录结构如下
除了配置相关依赖的pom.xml,目录中还有一个文件夹src,src的main目录提供了一个webapp文件夹,webapp文件夹下有一个WEB-INF文件夹,放置的是前端页面的文件,以及web.xml文件。
除了模版提供的目录结构,为了后面项目能成功运行,我们还需要添加一些文件夹。
· 点击 file - project structure
· 按图示新建文件夹
· 最终项目目录结构如下
三、数据库文件
先新建数据库hrms(采用utf8编码),再将下列代码存为user.sql,运行该sql文件。
SET NAMES utf8mb4; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for user -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID', `email` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户邮箱', `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户昵称', `role` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户身份', `mobile` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '手机号码', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 25 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of user -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'example@foxmail.com', 'kk', 'root', '15678635432'); SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
四、配置文件
1. pom.xml
数据库驱动要使用符合自己mysql版本的。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jy</groupId> <artifactId>HRMS</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>HRMS Maven Webapp</name> <!-- 用来设置版本号 --> <properties> <srping.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</srping.version> <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.12</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version> </properties> <!-- 用到的jar包 --> <dependencies> <!-- 单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <!-- 表示开发的时候引入,发布的时候不会加载此包 --> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring框架包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${srping.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring框架包 --> <!-- mybatis框架包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis框架包 --> <!-- 数据库驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.17</version> </dependency> <!-- 导入dbcp的jar包,用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> </dependency> <!-- jstl标签类 --> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- log --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>${druid.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <!-- java编译插件,如果maven的设置里配置好jdk版本就不用 --> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
注:以下四个配置文件都是放置在resources文件夹下
2. log4j.properties
#日志输出级别
log4j.rootLogger=debug,stdout,D,E
#设置stdout的日志输出控制台
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
#输出日志到控制台的方式,默认为System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
#设置使用灵活布局
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#灵活定义输出格式
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} -[%p] method:[%c (%rms)] - %m%n
3. jdbc.properties
注意:
①. mysql 8.0以上要用 driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
②. url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hrms?....,其中hrms为自己建立的数据库名称。
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hrms?characterEncoding=utf8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC #数据库的用户名 username=root #数据库的密码 password=123456 #定义初始连接数 initialSize=0 #定义最大连接数 maxActive=20 #定义最大空闲 maxIdle=20 #定义最小空闲 minIdle=1 #定义最长等待时间 maxWait=60000
4. applicationContext.xml
这是Spring的核心配置文件,包括Spring结合Mybatis和数据源的配置信息。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 加载properties文件 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> </bean> <!-- 配置数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${url}"/> <property name="username" value="${username}"/> <property name="password" value="${password}"/> </bean> <!-- mybatis和spring完美整合,不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 扫描model包 --> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.jy.model"/> <!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件--> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/> </bean> <!-- Mapper动态代理开发,扫描dao接口包--> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory --> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 --> <property name="basePackage" value="com.jy.dao"/> </bean> <!-- 事务管理 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <!--数据库连接池--> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> </beans>
5.spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 扫描注解,这样com.jy包下的文件都能被扫描 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.jy"/> <!-- 开启SpringMVC注解模式 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 静态资源默认servlet配置 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 配置返回视图的路径,以及识别后缀是jsp文件 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
注:下面这个配置文件放置在webapp/WEB-INF文件夹下
6. web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>HRMS</display-name> <!--项目的欢迎页,项目运行起来后访问的页面--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 注册ServletContext监听器,创建容器对象,并且将ApplicationContext对象放到Application域中 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 指定spring核心配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 解决乱码的过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置前端控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 指定配置文件位置和名称 如果不设置,默认找/WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
五、编写代码
1. 实体类:User.java
package com.jy.model; public class User { private long id; private String email; private String mobile; private String username; private String role; public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getMobile() { return mobile; } public void setMobile(String mobile) { this.mobile = mobile; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getRole() { return role; } public void setRole(String role) { this.role = role; } }
2. dao文件:IUserDao
package com.jy.dao; import com.jy.model.User; public interface IUserDao { User selectUser(long id); }
3. mapper文件:UserDao.xml,位于resources/mapper文件夹下。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <!-- 设置为IUserDao接口方法提供sql语句配置 --> <mapper namespace="com.jy.dao.IUserDao"> <select id="selectUser" resultType="User" parameterType="long"> SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id} </select> </mapper>
4. service接口:IUserService
package com.jy.service; import com.jy.model.User; public interface IUserService { public User selectUser(long userId); }
5. service实现类:UserServiceImpl
package com.jy.service.impl; import com.jy.dao.IUserDao; import com.jy.model.User; import com.jy.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.annotation.Resource; @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Resource private IUserDao userDao; public User selectUser(long userId) { return userDao.selectUser(userId); } }
6. controller文件:UserController
package com.jy.controller; import com.jy.model.User; import com.jy.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private IUserService userService; @RequestMapping("/select") public ModelAndView selectUser() throws Exception { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); User user = userService.selectUser(1); mv.addObject("user", user); mv.setViewName("user"); return mv; } }
UserController定义了一个方法 selectUser
,读取id为1的User信息,并返回user.jsp页面,访问的路径是/user/select。
7. user.jsp,位于 WEB-INF 的 jsp 文件夹下。
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>user</title> </head> <body> id:${requestScope.user.id}<br/> email:${requestScope.user.email}<br/> username:${requestScope.user.username}<br/> role:${requestScope.user.role}<br/> mobile:${requestScope.user.mobile}<br/> </body> </html>