容器(五)容器间通信的三种方式【30】

(五)容器间通信的三种方式

容器之间可通过 IP,Docker DNS Server 或 joined 容器三种方式通信。

(1)IP 通信

从上一节的例子可以得出这样一个结论:两个容器要能通信,必须要有属于同一个网络的网卡。

满足这个条件后,容器就可以通过 IP 交互了。具体做法是在容器创建时通过 --network 指定相应的网络,或者通过 docker network connect 将现有容器加入到指定网络。可参考上一节 httpd 和 busybox 的例子,这里不再赘述。

(2)Docker DNS Server

​ 通过 IP 访问容器虽然满足了通信的需求,但还是不够灵活。因为我们在部署应用之前可能无法确定 IP,部署之后再指定要访问的 IP 会比较麻烦。对于这个问题,可以通过 docker 自带的 DNS 服务解决。

​ 从 Docker 1.10 版本开始,docker daemon 实现了一个内嵌的 DNS server,使容器可以直接通过“容器名”通信。方法很简单,只要在启动时用 --name 为容器命名就可以了。

下面启动两个容器 bbox1 和 bbox2:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -it --network my_net2 --name bbox1 busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
168: eth0@if169: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:16:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.22.0.5/16 brd 172.22.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # 


启动bbox2,并测试:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -it --network my_net2 --name bbbox2 busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
170: eth0@if171: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:16:00:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.22.0.6/16 brd 172.22.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ping bbox1 -c 3
PING bbox1 (172.22.0.5): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.22.0.5: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.183 ms
64 bytes from 172.22.0.5: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
64 bytes from 172.22.0.5: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.096 ms
--- bbox1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.057/0.112/0.183 ms
/ # 

​ 使用 docker DNS 有个限制:只能在 user-defined 网络中使用。也就是说,默认的 bridge 网络是无法使用 DNS 的。下面验证一下:

启动bbox3:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -it --name bbox3 busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
172: eth0@if173: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # 

启动bbox4,并测试:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -it --name bbox4 busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
174: eth0@if175: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.6/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ping bbox3 -c 3
ping: bad address 'bbox3'
/ # 

(3)joined 容器

​ joined 容器是另一种实现容器间通信的方式。joined 容器非常特别,它可以使两个或多个容器共享一个网络栈,共享网卡和配置信息,joined 容器之间可以通过 127.0.0.1 直接通信。请看下面的例子:

利用现有的httpd容器:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
631d88d3f0d9        httpd               "bash"               About an hour ago   Up About an hour    80/tcp              elated_volhard

然后创建 busybox 容器并通过 --network=container:elated_volhard 指定 jointed 容器为 elated_volhard:

root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -it --network container:elated_volhard busybox
/ # ip a
162: eth0@if163: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
166: eth1@if167: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:16:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.22.0.4/16 brd 172.22.255.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

请注意 busybox 容器中的网络配置信息,下面我们查看一下 elated_volhard的网络:

root@631d88d3f0d9:/usr/local/apache2# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 4963  bytes 11037968 (10.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4848  bytes 263563 (257.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.22.0.4  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.22.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:16:00:04  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19  bytes 1370 (1.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3  bytes 182 (182.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

​ 看!busybox 和 elated_volhard 的网卡 mac 地址与 IP 完全一样,它们共享了相同的网络栈。busybox 可以直接用 127.0.0.1 访问 web1 的 http 服务。

joined 容器非常适合以下场景:

  1. 不同容器中的程序希望通过 loopback 高效快速地通信,比如 web server 与 app server。
  2. 希望监控其他容器的网络流量,比如运行在独立容器中的网络监控程序。
posted @ 2020-11-20 14:16  cuiyongchao007  阅读(403)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报