ListModelSerializer
自定义反序列化字段
# 一些只参与反序列化的字段，但是不是与数据库关联的
# 在序列化类中规定，并在校验字段时从校验的参数字典中剔除
class PublishModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 自定义不入库的 反序列化 字段
re_name = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.Publish
fields = ('name', 're_name', 'address')
def validate(self, attrs):
name = attrs.get('name')
re_name = attrs.pop('re_name') # 剔除
if name != re_name:
raise serializers.ValidationError({'re_name': '确认名字有误'})
return attrs
模型类中自定义序列化深度
# model类中自定义插拔的外键序列化字段，可以采用外键关联表的序列化类来完成深度查询
class Book(BaseModel):
# ...
@property
def publish_detail(self):
from . import serializers
data = serializers.PublishModelSerializer(self.publish).data
return data
接口操作总结
-
路由层：api/url.py
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ # ... url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookV3APIView.as_view()), url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookV3APIView.as_view()), ] -
模型层：api/models.py
# 修改部分：取消book类 name 与 publish 联合唯一， from django.db import models from utils.model import BaseModel class Book(BaseModel): name = models.CharField(max_length=64) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) img = models.ImageField(upload_to='img', default='img/default.png') publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', null=True, related_name='books', db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, ) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', null=True, related_name='books', db_constraint=False, ) @property def publish_name(self): return self.publish.name @property def authors_info(self): author_list = [] for author in self.authors.all(): author_list.append({ 'name': author.name, 'age': author.age, 'mobile': author.detail.mobile }) return author_list @property def publish_bac(self): from . import serializers data = serializers.PublishModelSerializer(self.publish).data return data class Meta: db_table = 'old_boy_book' verbose_name = '书籍' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name # 联合唯一 # unique_together = ('name', 'publish') def __str__(self): return self.name class Publish(BaseModel): name = models.CharField(max_length=64) address = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Meta: db_table = 'old_boy_publish' verbose_name = '出版社' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(BaseModel): name = models.CharField(max_length=64) age = models.IntegerField() @property def mobile(self): return self.detail.mobile class Meta: db_table = 'old_boy_author' verbose_name = '作者' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class AuthorDetail(BaseModel): mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11) author = models.OneToOneField(to='Author', null=True, related_name='detail', db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE ) class Meta: db_table = 'old_boy_author_detail' verbose_name = '作者详情' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return '%s的详情' % self.author.name -
序列化层
# 群增与群改反序列化实现 # 1）ModelSerializer默认不通过群改功能，需要在Meta中设置 list_serializer_class # 2）自定义ListSerializer子类，重写update方法，将子类绑定给 list_serializer_class # 3）重写update方法中通过 代表要更新的对象们instance 及 提供的更新数据们validated_data # 得到 更新后的对象们instance 返回 class BookV3ListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer): def update(self, instance, validated_data): ''' :param instance: [book_obj1, ..., book_obj2] :param validated_data: [{更新数据的字段}, ..., {更新数据的字段}] :return: [book_new_obj1, ..., book_new_obj2] ''' for index, obj in enumerate(instance): # type: int, models.Book # 单个对象数据更新 - 一个个属性更新值 for attr, value in validated_data[index].items(): # 对象有更新数据字典的key对应的属性，才完成该属性的值更新 if hasattr(obj, attr): setattr(obj, attr, value) # 信息同步到数据库 obj.save() return instance class BookV3ModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = ('name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'img', 'publish_name', 'authors_info') list_serializer_class = BookV3ListSerializer extra_kwargs = { 'publish': { 'required': True, 'write_only': True }, 'authors': { 'required': True, 'write_only': True }, 'img': { 'read_only': True } } def validate_name(self, value): if 'sb' in value: raise serializers.ValidationError('书名有敏感词汇') return value def validate(self, attrs): name = attrs.get('name') publish = attrs.get('publish') if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name, publish=publish): raise serializers.ValidationError({'book': '书籍以存在'}) return attrs -
视图层
class BookV3APIView(APIView): # 单查群查 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): pk = kwargs.get('pk') if pk: book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).first() if not book_obj: return APIResponse(1, 'pk error') book_ser = serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(book_obj) return APIResponse(0, 'ok', results=book_ser.data) book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all().order_by('-id') book_ser = serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(book_query, many=True) return APIResponse(0, 'ok', results=book_ser.data) # 单增群增 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 单增 /books/ data {} # 群增 /books/ data [{}, ..., {}] request_data = request.data if isinstance(request_data, dict): data = [request_data, ] elif isinstance(request_data, list): data = request_data else: return APIResponse(1, '数据格式有误') book_ser = serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(data=data, many=True) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_obj_list = book_ser.save() return APIResponse(0, 'ok', results=serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(book_obj_list, many=True).data ) else: return APIResponse(1, '添加失败', results=book_ser.errors) """ 1）先确定要更新的对象 主键们 与 数据们 2）通过校验数据库剔除 已删除的对象 与 不存在的对象 主键们 => 剔除过程 => 可以修改的对象们 数据们 => 剔除过程 => 可以修改的对象们对应的数据们 3）反序列化及校验过程 通过 => save() 完成更新 失败 => ser_obj.errors 返回 """ # 单改群改 def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 单改 /books/(pk)/ data {"name": "new_name", ...} # 群改 /books/ data [{"pk": 1, "name": "new_name", ...}, ...,{"pk": n, "name": "new_name", ...}] # 结果： # pks = [1, ..., n] => book_query => instance # data = [{"name": "new_name", ...}, ..., {"name": "new_name", ...}] => data # 数据预处理 pk = kwargs.get('pk') request_data = request.data if pk: if not isinstance(request_data, dict): return APIResponse(1, '单改数据有误') pks = [pk, ] data = [request_data, ] elif isinstance(request_data, list): try: pks = [] for dic in request_data: pks.append(dic.pop('pk')) data = request_data except: return APIResponse(1, '群改数据有误') else: return APIResponse(1, '数据格式有误') # 将 已删除的书籍 与 不存在的书籍 剔除 (提供修改的数据相对应也剔除) book_query = [] filter_data = [] for index, pk in enumerate(pks): book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).first() if book_obj: book_query.append(book_obj) filter_data.append(data[index]) # 反序列化完成数据的修改 book_ser = serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=filter_data, many=True, partial=True) if book_ser.is_valid(): book_obj_list = book_ser.save() return APIResponse(1, 'ok', results=serializers.BookV3ModelSerializer(book_obj_list, many=True).data ) else: return APIResponse(1, '更新失败', results=book_ser.errors) # 单删群删 def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 单删 /books/(pk)/ # 群删 /books/ 数据包携带 pks => request.data pk = kwargs.get('pk') if pk: pks = [pk] else: pks = request.data.get('pks') if not pks: return APIResponse(1, '删除失败') book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks) if not book_query.update(is_delete=True): # 操作的记录大于0就记录删除成功 return APIResponse(1, '删除失败') return APIResponse(0, '删除成功')
