ReentrantLock

一、概述

可重入,公平或非公平,使用AQS的互斥锁

 

二、源码

1、Lock接口

//锁
void lock();
//在等待锁时被中断会抛异常
void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;
//判断锁是否可用,可用就获取
boolean tryLock();
//如果没取到锁进入中断等待
boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
//解锁
void unlock();
//创建条件
Condition newCondition();

2、构造方法

public ReentrantLock() {
    sync = new NonfairSync();
}

public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
    sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}

非公平锁还是公平锁,默认非公平锁

3、内置同步器和2种锁实现

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5179523762034025860L;

    //抽象了lock方法
    abstract void lock();

    //为非公平锁特制的
    final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
        final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        int c = getState();
        //如果锁未使用,就占用锁,然后设置当前线程为独占
        if (c == 0) {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                return true;
            }
        }
        //如果是当前线程独占的,就独占+1
        else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
            int nextc = c + acquires;
            if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
            setState(nextc);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    //非公平和公平锁共用的释放,实现AQS的tryRelease模板方法
    protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
        int c = getState() - releases;
        //如果不是当前线程释放的锁就抛异常
        if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
            throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
        boolean free = false;
        //如果锁空出了,就清空当前线程
        if (c == 0) {
            free = true;
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
        }
        setState(c);
        return free;
    }

    //给Condition用的,判断当前线程是否就是独占线程
    protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
        return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
    }

    final ConditionObject newCondition() {
        return new ConditionObject();
    }

    //获得当前独占的线程
    final Thread getOwner() {
        return getState() == 0 ? null : getExclusiveOwnerThread();
    }

    //查询当前线程锁定的次数
    final int getHoldCount() {
        return isHeldExclusively() ? getState() : 0;
    }

    final boolean isLocked() {
        return getState() != 0;
    }

    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
    }
}

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

    final void lock() {
        //如果没有竞争,就直接设置当前线程
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
        else
            acquire(1);
    }

    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
        return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
    }
}

static final class FairSync extends Sync {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

    final void lock() {
        //需要借助队列来保证获得锁的公平性,如果没有竞争也不能像非公平锁一样直接占用
        acquire(1);
    }

    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
        final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        int c = getState();
        if (c == 0) {
            //如果没有比当前线程更早等待的线程,同时状态置换成功,就占有锁,不然就返回false
            if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                return true;
            }
        }
        //如果当前线程已经占有锁,就+1
        else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
            int nextc = c + acquires;
            if (nextc < 0)
                throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
            setState(nextc);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

4、一般方法

public void lock() {
    sync.lock();
}

public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
    sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}

public boolean tryLock() {
    return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
}

public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
    return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}

public void unlock() {
    sync.release(1);
}

public Condition newCondition() {
    return sync.newCondition();
}

public int getHoldCount() {
    return sync.getHoldCount();
}

public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
    return sync.isHeldExclusively();
}

public boolean isLocked() {
    return sync.isLocked();
}

public final boolean isFair() {
    return sync instanceof FairSync;
}

protected Thread getOwner() {
    return sync.getOwner();
}

public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
    return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
}

public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
    return sync.isQueued(thread);
}

public final int getQueueLength() {
    return sync.getQueueLength();
}

protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
    return sync.getQueuedThreads();
}

public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
    if (condition == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
    return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}

public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
    if (condition == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
    return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}

protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
    if (condition == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
    return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}

public String toString() {
    Thread o = sync.getOwner();
    return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
                               "[Unlocked]" :
                               "[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
}

很简单,实现了tryAcquire和tryRelease以后,剩下的都是调用AQS开放的接口实现锁的功能

 

三、解析

ReentrantLock和其他同步器一样,在内部有一个名叫Sync的对AQS的实现类,不过这个Sync是抽象类,它另外有NonfairSync、FairSync这2个实现类,表示公平锁和非公平锁,不过在实现类中代码区别不是特别大

ReentrantLock默认是创建非公平锁,公平锁和非公平锁区别在于非公平锁有2次插队行为,不像公平锁一样进来就去队伍尾部排队

下面完整走一遍lock和unlock的流程

1、线程执行到lock()

lock()是Sync中定义的抽象方法

final void lock() {
    acquire(1);
}

这是公平锁的实现

final void lock() {
    if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
    else
        acquire(1);
}

这是非公平锁,出现了第一次插队行为,通过compareAndSetState(0, 1)对state尝试cas操作,看有没有阻塞,或者刚好空出的位置,不然再调用AQS的acquire(1)去获取

 

public final void acquire(int arg) {
    if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
        selfInterrupt();
}

AQS的获取锁核心方法

tryAcquire()交给同步器去实现自己的尝试获取独占锁逻辑,后面说

如果获取成功,就不会执行后面的方法,就走完lock()了,这一点也说明如果还没有产生阻塞,AQS中的队列是未初始化的

如果未获取成功,则继续执行acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)

先执行addWaiter()方法,加入当前线程节点到队列尾部

private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
    Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
    // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
    Node pred = tail;
    if (pred != null) {
        node.prev = pred;
        if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
            pred.next = node;
            return node;
        }
    }
    enq(node);
    return node;
}
private Node enq(final Node node) {
    for (;;) {
        Node t = tail;
        if (t == null) { // Must initialize
            if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                tail = head;
        } else {
            node.prev = t;
            if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
                t.next = node;
                return t;
            }
        }
    }
}

先创建一个当前线程的节点,有队列的话(tail != null)尝试将节点放入队列尾部,如果成功就返回了,如果失败说明有竞争情况,就进入enq()方法再自旋进行放入尾部操作

在enq中,先判断队列是否为空,为空的话创建一个队头节点,并让tail指向它,然后进行下一次循环

之后的放入尾部操作和addWaiter里的一样,如果失败的话就继续进入下次循环再次尝试

成功后返回之前的acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg),继续执行acquireQueued(),将当前线程阻塞住(停在lock()方法里)

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
        boolean interrupted = false;
        for (;;) {
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                setHead(node);
                p.next = null; // help GC
                failed = false;
                return interrupted;
            }
            if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                interrupted = true;
        }
    } finally {
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
    }
}

在for(;;)这个无限循环中,有这样的情况

情况一:当一个之前阻塞在if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())这行的线程,被它的前继线程唤醒了,它结束了当前循环开始下一个循环,进入if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {这一行

如果是公平锁没有被插队,那当前节点的前继节点就是head,并且它tryAcquire()成功,进入里面的代码块,先通过setHead(node)把head指向自己成为新的head,然后p.next = null让之前的head等待被回收(可以发现AQS的release只释放了线程,没有对head操作,因为留到了这里做)

如果是非公平锁就有被插队的可能,如果被新来的线程插队了,就再次进入if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())这行阻塞吧

情况二:一个新的待阻塞线程进来,发现他的前继不是head,就直接进入下一步开始阻塞了

情况三:第二个待阻塞线程进来,他的前继是head,并且刚好第一个线程跑完了,tryAcquire()成功,就把自己变为新的head,然后返回走完lock()了

shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()的作用是根据前继节点的状态来判断是否应该阻塞当前线程

private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
    int ws = pred.waitStatus;
    if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
        return true;
    if (ws > 0) {
        do {
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
        } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
        pred.next = node;
    } else {
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
    }
    return false;
}

如果前继节点是node.signal = -1,那么当前线程就是需要阻塞的

如果前继节点是1表示被取消了,就往后找到非取消状态的节点,重新整理队列后返回false,进入下次循环

如果前继节点是0就是第一个空head的情况,就把他设置为node.signal = -1,进入下次循环再判断(正常的话下一次就是-1了,然后需要阻塞,例外就是他新的循环里tryAcquire()碰巧得到了锁)

parkAndCheckInterrupt()方法就是稳稳的开始阻塞了

private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
    LockSupport.park(this);
    return Thread.interrupted();
}

需要注意的是线程被唤醒时,依旧是从这里重新开始往下执行,顺便返回线程是否被中断了,返回后回到for(;;)这个无限循环中,开始新一轮的争用锁(之所以是争用因为有可能在非公平锁下被插队)

最后看一下tryAcquire()排它锁在ReentrantLock()中的实现代码

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    if (c == 0) {
        if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() && compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0)
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

公平锁和非公平锁的实现几乎一样,只是公平锁多了一个!hasQueuedPredecessors()的判断,判断当前线程是否需要排队,当c == 0时说明锁空出了,公平锁需要判断是否要排队的情况(大概率是要排队的,不能直接cas争用state)

public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
    Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
    Node h = head;
    Node s;
    return h != t && ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}

如果h != t说明队列还未初始化,当前线程可能是进来的第2个线程,直接返回去compareAndSetState(0, acquires)争用锁,如果成功就顺利退出lock()继续往下走,如果失败说明被一起进来的第3个线程抢了先...争用失败

如果队列初始化了,head的后继节点不为空且等于自己(重入)时不需要排队,其他情况都要排队

非公平锁就不管这些情况,上来就去争用一下,这是非公平锁的第2次插队

else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {这句就是判断当前线程重入的情况了,state往上加1

 

2、线程执行到unlock()

public void unlock() {
    sync.release(1);
}

unlock就直接是sync的release()了,实际是直接调用了AQS的release()释放线程,也是核心方法

public final boolean release(int arg) {
    if (tryRelease(arg)) {
        Node h = head;
        if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
            unparkSuccessor(h);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

如果tryReleas()成功,如果head不为空存在队列,并且h.waitStatus !=0,说明存在需要唤醒的节点时,执行unparkSuccessor()

如果h.waitStatus == 0呢,说明那个节点刚执行完addWaiter(),把自己加到队列尾部,还没来得及通过shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()去把头结点的waitStatus置为node.signal = -1,他还没有阻塞呢,所以不需要唤醒

再看tryRelease()排它锁的唤醒实现

rotected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
    int c = getState() - releases;
    if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
        throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
    boolean free = false;
    if (c == 0) {
        free = true;
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
    }
    setState(c);
    return free;
}

如果是重入锁的情况,state减1,然后没有激活下一个线程

如果是正常情况,c == 0了,清空AQS当前线程,设置state = 0后返回true释放锁成功

IllegalMonitorStateException异常表示只有在当前线程解锁才可以,不能在当前线程加锁,在其他线程解锁

最后看一下具体的激活线程操作unparkSuccessor()

private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {

    int ws = node.waitStatus;
    if (ws < 0)
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);

    Node s = node.next;
    if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
        s = null;
        for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
            if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                s = t;
    }
    if (s != null)
        LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}

如果head节点的waitStatus == -1,表示当前有节点等待唤醒,就先把waitStatus设置为0,因为马上节点就被唤醒了,就不存在需要唤醒的节点了

如果出现head的后继节点已经是取消状态,就从队尾开始遍历查找最近的可唤醒节点,之所以从队尾是因为prev是可靠的,next有可能断连着

最后排队的节点被唤醒了

 

需要注意的是它唤醒以后回到了之前acquireQueued()方法中的for(;;)循环中

for (;;) {
    final Node p = node.predecessor();
    if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
        setHead(node);
        p.next = null; // help GC
        failed = false;
        return interrupted;
    }
    if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
        interrupted = true;
}

醒来第一件事就是找能用的锁,没有的话继续被阻塞...

 

posted @ 2020-02-18 00:56  syxsdhy  阅读(167)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报