a、条件
select
*
from
表
where
id > 1
and
name
!=
'tom'
and
num = 12;
select
*
from
表
where
id
between
5
and
16;
select
*
from
表
where
id
in
(11,22,33)
select
*
from
表
where
id
not
in
(11,22,33)
select
*
from
表
where
id
in
(
select
nid
from
表)
b、通配符
select
*
from
表
where
name
like
'ale%'
- ale开头的所有(多个字符串)
select
*
from
表
where
name
like
'ale_'
- ale开头的所有(一个字符)
c、限制
select
*
from
表 limit 5; - 前5行
select
*
from
表 limit 4,5; - 从第4行开始的5行(不包括第4行)
select
*
from
表 limit 5 offset 4 - 从第4行开始的5行(不包括第4行)
d、排序
select
*
from
表
order
by
列
asc
- 根据 “列” 从小到大排列
select
*
from
表
order
by
列
desc
- 根据 “列” 从大到小排列
select
*
from
表
order
by
列1
desc
,列2
asc
- 根据 “列1” 从大到小排列,如果相同则按列2从小到大排序
e、分组
select
num
from
表
group
by
num
select
num,nid
from
表
group
by
num,nid
select
num,nid
from
表
where
nid > 10
group
by
num,nid
order
nid
desc
select
num,nid,
count
(*),
sum
(score),
max
(score),
min
(score)
from
表
group
by
num,nid
#count(*)的意思是以num和nid为查找条件,2个条件的值不同时重复的条目的数量。另外,因为查找条件是num和nid,所以后面group by 分组时也要按2个条件分组,不能只group by num 或只group by nid
select
num
from
表
group
by
num
having
max
(id) > 10 #对聚合条件进行查找,不再使用where 而是 having
特别的:
group
by
必须在
where
之后,
order
by
之前
f、连表
无对应关系则不显示
select
A.num, A.
name
, B.
name
from
A,B
Where
A.nid = B.nid
示例:
无对应关系则不显示
select
A.num, A.
name
, B.
name
from
A
inner
join
B
on
A.nid = B.nid
A表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为
null
select
A.num, A.
name
, B.
name
from
A
left
join
B
on
A.nid = B.nid
B表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为
null
select
A.num, A.
name
, B.
name
from
A
right
join
B
on
A.nid = B.nid
g、联合
联
合,自动去除重复的值
select
nickname
from
A
union
select
name
from
B
联
合,不处理重复的值
select
nickname
from
A
union
all
select
name
from
B