.NET WebAPI 用ExceptionFilterAttribute实现错误(异常)日志的记录(log4net做写库操作)

好吧,还是那个社区APP,非管理系统,用户行为日志感觉不是很必要的,但是,错误日志咱还是得记录则个。总不能上线后报bug了让自己手足无措吧,虽然不管有木有错误日志报bug都是件很头疼的事...

 

我们知道webAPI也有好几个Filter,上篇文章我们做token与权限用到了ActionFilterAttribute,这次我们用ExceptionFilterAttribute来做异常日志的记录。首先我们的代码里面会主动的捕获一些异常手动抛出,例如对用户输入数据的验证,权限的验证,业务的验证等。也会有一些我们无法预料的异常,可能是代码的漏洞或者逻辑的漏洞...那么我们肯定是想能够在一个切面全部拦截这些异常,记录到错误日志中,以便作分析使用...

 

博主使用的log4net做日志的写库操作,这里就不介绍log4net的基本用法了,直接上代码:

  1 <log4net>
  2     <!--<appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
  3       <file value="C:\testlog.txt" />
  4       <appendToFile value="true" />
  5       <maxSizeRollBackups value="10" />
  6       <maximumFileSize value="100" />
  7       <rollingStyle value="Date" />
  8       <datePattern value="yyyy-MM-dd" />
  9       <staticLogFileName value="true" />
 10       <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
 11         <conversionPattern value="记录时间:%date 线程ID:[%thread] 日志级别:%-5level 出错类:%logger property:[%property{NDC}] - 错误描述:%message%newline " />
 12       </layout>
 13     </appender>-->
14 <appender name="AdoNetAppender_Sqlserver" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender"> 15 <connectionType value="System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection,System.Data, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" /> 21 <connectionString value="Data Source=.;database=RCBLog;Integrated Security=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=True;" /> 22 <commandText value="INSERT INTO ErrorLog (LOGID,LOG_DATE,LOG_MESSAGE,LOG_EXCEPTION,LOG_LEVEL,LOGGER,LOG_SOURCE,OPERATORID,OPERATORACCOUNTNAME) VALUES (@LogId,@log_date,@LogMessage,@LogException,@log_level, @logger, @source,@LogOperator,@OperatorAccountName)" /> 23 <bufferSize value="100" /> 24 <parameter> 25 <parameterName value="@log_date" /> 26 <dbType value="DateTime" /> 27 <layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" /> 28 </parameter> 29 <parameter> 30 <parameterName value="@log_level" /> 31 <dbType value="String" /> 32 <size value="100" /> 33 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 34 <conversionPattern value="%level" /> 35 </layout> 36 </parameter> 37 <parameter> 38 <parameterName value="@logger" /> 39 <dbType value="String" /> 40 <size value="255" /> 41 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 42 <conversionPattern value="%logger" /> 43 </layout> 44 </parameter> 45 <parameter> 46 <parameterName value="@source" /> 47 <dbType value="String" /> 48 <size value="2000" /> 49 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 50 <conversionPattern value="%file:%line" /> 51 </layout> 52 </parameter> 53 <!--自定义属性--> 54 <parameter> 55 <parameterName value="@LogId" /> 56 <dbType value="String" /> 57 <size value="255" /> 58 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 59 <conversionPattern value="%LogId" /> 60 </layout> 61 </parameter> 62 <parameter> 63 <parameterName value="@LogException" /> 64 <dbType value="String" /> 65 <size value="4000" /> 66 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 67 <conversionPattern value="%LogException" /> 68 </layout> 69 </parameter> 70 <parameter> 71 <parameterName value="@LogMessage" /> 72 <dbType value="String" /> 73 <size value="4000" /> 74 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 75 <conversionPattern value="%LogMessage" /> 76 </layout> 77 </parameter> 78 <parameter> 79 <parameterName value="@LogOperator" /> 80 <dbType value="String" /> 81 <size value="255" /> 82 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 83 <conversionPattern value="%OperatorId" /> 84 </layout> 85 </parameter> 86 <parameter> 87 <parameterName value="@OperatorAccountName" /> 88 <dbType value="String" /> 89 <size value="255" /> 90 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 91 <conversionPattern value="%OperatorAccountName" /> 92 </layout> 93 </parameter> 94 </appender> 95 <logger name="RCB.Logger.Error"> 96 <level value="ERROR" /> 97 <!--<appender-ref ref="RollingFileAppender" />--> 98 <appender-ref ref="AdoNetAppender_Sqlserver" /> 99 </logger> 100 </log4net>

注:

1.<log4net>节点需要在<configuration>节点下

2.注释掉的2-13行与97行是写文件

3.第23行的数值表示缓存值,调试阶段可以设置成0,才能及时的在数据库看到错误日志

4.博主使用到了自定义属性,就顺便说说自定义属性的用法,先看看博主的错误日志类:

 1     /// <summary>
 2     /// 系统错误日志
 3     /// </summary>
 4     public class ErrorLog
 5     {
 6         /// <summary>
 7         /// ID(GUID字符串)
 8         /// </summary>
 9         public string LOGID { get; set; }
10 
11         /// <summary>
12         /// 日志时间
13         /// </summary>
14         public DateTime LOG_DATE { get; set; }
15 
16         /// <summary>
17         /// 日志错误信息
18         /// </summary>
19         public string LOG_MESSAGE { get; set; }
20 
21         /// <summary>
22         /// 异常信息详情
23         /// </summary>
24         public string LOG_EXCEPTION { get; set; }
25 
26         /// <summary>
27         /// 错误级别
28         /// </summary>
29         public string LOG_LEVEL { get; set; }
30 
31         /// <summary>
32         /// 记录器(PRMMS.Logger)
33         /// </summary>
34         public string LOGGER { get; set; }
35 
36         /// <summary>
37         /// 日志产生位置
38         /// </summary>
39         public string LOG_SOURCE { get; set; }
40 
41         /// <summary>
42         /// 操作人ID
43         /// </summary>
44         public string OperatorId { get; set; }
45 
46         /// <summary>
47         /// 操作账户名
48         /// </summary>
49         public string OperatorAccountName { get; set; }
50 
51         /// <summary>
52         /// 自动创建ID
53         /// </summary>
54         public ErrorLog()
55         {
56             this.LOGID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").ToUpper();
57         }
58     }

其中,LogId、LogMessage、OperatorId、OperatorAccountName、LogException等字段是log4net不带有的,属于自定义属性,需要做一个配置。我们新建一个CustomLayout类,继承于PatternLayout

 1     public class CustomLayout : PatternLayout
 2     {
 3         public CustomLayout()
 4         {
 5             base.AddConverter("LogId", typeof(LogId));
 6             base.AddConverter("LogMessage", typeof(LogMessage));
 7             base.AddConverter("OperatorId", typeof(OperatorId));
 8             base.AddConverter("OperatorAccountName", typeof(OperatorAccountName));
 9             base.AddConverter("LogException", typeof(LogException));
10         }
11     }

其中,typeof(LogId)中的LogId是需要我们新建类继承PatternLayoutConverter实现Convert方法的

 1     internal sealed class LogId : PatternLayoutConverter
 2     {
 3         protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, LoggingEvent loggingEvent)
 4         {
 5             var content = loggingEvent.MessageObject as ErrorLog;
 6             if (content != null)
 7             {
 8                 writer.Write(content.LOGID);
 9             }
10         }
11     }

当然,剩余几个typeof()做同样处理即可。

log4net写库配置好了,我们还需要一个日志工具类,用来调用log4net写日志,博主在这儿简单写了几个方法,其中截取2000长度纯属个人原因,没有特别意义:

 1     /// <summary>
 2     /// 日志工具类
 3     /// </summary>
 4     public class LogUtils
 5     {
 6         private static readonly log4net.ILog errorLog = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("RCB.Logger.Error");
 7 
 8         /// <summary>
 9         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。
10         /// </summary>
11         /// <returns></returns>
12         public static void ErrorLog(Guid userId, string userName, Exception exception)
13         {
14             if (exception != null)
15             {
16                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString();
17                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000)
18                 {
19                     exceptionString = exceptionString.Substring(0, 1999);
20                 }
21                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog
22                 {
23                     OperatorId = userId.ToString("N").ToUpper(),
24                     OperatorAccountName = userName,
25                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message,
26                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString
27                 });
28             }
29         }
30 
31         /// <summary>
32         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。
33         /// 
34         /// 记录IP地址
35         /// </summary>
36         /// <returns></returns>
37         public static void ErrorLog(string userIp, Exception exception)
38         {
39             if (exception != null)
40             {
41                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString();
42                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000)
43                 {
44                     exceptionString = exceptionString.Substring(0, 1999);
45                 }
46                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog
47                 {
48                     OperatorId = userIp,
49                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message,
50                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString
51                 });
52             }
53         }
54 
55         /// <summary>
56         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。
57         /// </summary>
58         /// <returns></returns>
59         public static void ErrorLog(Exception exception)
60         {
61             if (exception != null)
62             {
63                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString();
64                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000)
65                 {
66                     exceptionString = exception.ToString().Substring(0, 1999);
67                 }
68                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog
69                 {
70                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message,
71                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString
72                 });
73             }
74         }
75     }

接下来,我们就是要写Filter了。新建一个ExceptionFilter类,继承于ExceptionFilterAttribute

 1     /// <summary>
 2     /// 异常拦截器
 3     /// </summary>
 4     public class ExceptionFilter : ExceptionFilterAttribute
 5     {
 6         private HttpResponseMessage GetResponse(int code, string message)
 7         {
 8             var resultModel = new ApiModelsBase() { Code = code, Message = message };
 9 
10             return new HttpResponseMessage()
11             {
12                 Content = new ObjectContent<ApiModelsBase>(
13                     resultModel,
14                     new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(),
15                     "application/json"
16                     )
17             };
18         }
19 
20         public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext)
21         {
22             var code = -1;
23             var message = "请求失败!";
24 
25             if (actionExecutedContext.Exception is UserDisplayException)
26             {
27                 message = actionExecutedContext.Exception.Message;
28             }
29             if (actionExecutedContext.Exception is UserLoginException)
30             {
31                 code = -2;
32                 message = actionExecutedContext.Exception.Message;
33             }
34 
35             if (actionExecutedContext.Response == null)
36             {
37                 actionExecutedContext.Response = GetResponse(code, message);
38             }
39 
40             //记录错误日志
41             LogUtils.ErrorLog(SecurityHelper.GetUserIp(), actionExecutedContext.Exception);
42 
43             base.OnException(actionExecutedContext);
44         }
45     }

注:

1.博主单独把登录异常通过特定code值返回,方便客户端分辨处理

2.GetResponse()方法主要是填充json数据到response

到这一步,还是没办法写日志的,为什么呢???因为我们的ExceptionFilter还没有注册,在App_Start文件夹下WebApiConfig.cs文件Register方法添加下句代码:

 config.Filters.Add(new ExceptionFilter());

OK,至此我们的错误日志记录就算搞定了。只需要在代码中抛出手动捕获的异常,或者意料之外未捕获的异常都会记录在错误日志中,并友好反馈到客户端。

 

当然,log4net的配置信息也是需要注册的,千万别忘了在Global.asax中Application_Start方法加上这样一句代码

log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();

 

博主自知水平有限,如有不对的地方或各位有更好的解决方案,请随意指点,必当虚心请假,希望共同进步....

posted @ 2015-10-10 10:59  彩色铅笔  阅读(4495)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报