CentOS7扩展磁盘分区
因为业务所在分区空间不足，需要扩容。分配磁盘大小为1T但实际使用过程中发现仅使用了500G左右空间，本次计划在原有磁盘上扩容1T，加上之前500G空闲直接扩容1.5TB。以下是操作步骤
1、先查看分区使用情况
#查看分区使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 200G 2.7G 198G 2% /
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 41M 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 1.6G 15G 11% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-var_data 299G 285G 15G 96% /var/data
tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0
2、检查可用设备信息
#列出所有可用块设备的信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 2T 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 499G 0 part #分区500G
├─centos-root 253:0 0 200G 0 lvm /
└─centos-var_data 253:1 0 299G 0 lvm /var/data
vdb 252:16 0 1000G 0 disk #又增加了一块1T的盘，后删除掉了
3、查看磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors#先将磁盘调整为2TB
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000adc8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 2099200 1048575999 523238400 8e Linux LVM #注意观察分区大小只有500G
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-var_data: 321.0 GB, 321044611072 bytes, 627040256 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
####以下设备无用
Disk /dev/vdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
4、将剩余空间创建分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vda #选择分区设备
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p#打印分区信息
Disk /dev/vda: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000adc8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 2099200 1048575999 523238400 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): n#创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p#创建主分区
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (1048576000-4194303999, default 1048576000):
Using default value 1048576000
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1048576000-4194303999, default 4194303999):
Using default value 4194303999
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1.5 TiB is set
Command (m for help): p#打印分区信息
Disk /dev/vda: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000adc8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 2099200 1048575999 523238400 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 1048576000 4194303999 1572864000 83 Linux#新增分区
Command (m for help): w#写入磁盘
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
#告警信息，重启或者刷新分区表同步磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
5、调整卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <499.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127743
Alloc PE / Size 127743 / <499.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0 #没有空余空间显示
VG UUID kCpfu1-tscC-HCs2-l6WI-gBA1-zsop-nu06s1
#因为没有同步磁盘信息小插曲~~
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3
Device /dev/vda3 not found.
#[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
#初始化分区新建的分区
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3
Physical volume "/dev/vda3" successfully created.
6、扩容卷组
将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组中
#vgextend 虚拟卷组 新增的分区
[root@localhost ~]#vgextend centos /dev/vda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 1.95 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 511742
Alloc PE / Size 127743 / <499.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 383999 / 1.46 TiB#空闲卷组容量。
VG UUID kCpfu1-tscC-HCs2-l6WI-gBA1-zsop-nu06s1
#查看当前逻辑卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root#逻辑卷名称
VG Name centos#卷组
LV UUID r2ogDp-MlxN-t0P4-p6Tl-R6Ig-qwSo-BtK9n2
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-01-12 19:40:42 -0500
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 200.00 GiB
Current LE 51200
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/var_data#逻辑卷路径记下来要扩容他
LV Name var_data#逻辑卷名称
VG Name centos#卷组
LV UUID se7tQD-APTP-tNxU-2ap8-s2TA-PxnP-P1Zh2G
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-01-12 19:40:43 -0500
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <299.00 GiB
Current LE 76543
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
#lvextend -l +需要扩展的容量,需要扩展的逻辑卷路径
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/var_data #当前设备可用扩进去
Size of logical volume centos/var_data changed from <299.00 GiB (76543 extents) to <1.76 TiB (460542 extents).
Logical volume centos/var_data successfully resized.
7、扩展磁盘空间
[root@localhost ~]#df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 200G 2.7G 198G 2% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 41M 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 1.6G 15G 11% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-var_data xfs 299G 284G 15G 96% /var/data #注意分区格式xfs
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~] # xfs_growfs /dev/centos/var_data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-var_data isize=512 agcount=5, agsize=19594752 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=78380032, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=38271, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 78380032 to 471595008
8、检查结果
#检查结果
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 200G 2.7G 198G 2% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 41M 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 1.6G 15G 11% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-var_data xfs 1.8T 285G 1.5T 16% /var/data#扩容完成
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0
注意事项
1、及时同步磁盘分区信息，不同步会造成激活分区失败
2、扩展磁盘空间时注意分区格式 ext4、xfs命令不一样
