17.高级控件交互方法

使用场景

 

使用场景	对应事件
复制粘贴	键盘事件
拖动元素到某个位置	鼠标事件
鼠标悬停	鼠标事件
滚动到某个元素	滚动事件
使用触控笔点击	触控笔事件（了解即可）

https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api

ActionChains解析

 

• 实例化类ActionChains，参数为driver实例。
• 中间可以有多个操作。
• .perform()代表确定执行。

ActionChains(self.driver).操作.perform()

键盘事件

• 按下、释放键盘键位
• 结合send_keys回车

https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/keyboard/#tabs-1-1

键盘事件-使用shift实现大写

 

• ActionChains(self.driver): 实例化ActionChains类
• key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele): 按下shift键实现大写
• send_keys("selenium"): 输入大写的selenium
• perform(): 确认执行

class TestKeyBoardDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_key_down_up(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-button").click()
        ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-term")
        ActionChains(self.driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele).\
        send_keys("selenium").perform()

键盘事件-输入后回车

 

• 直接输入回车: 元素.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
• 使用ActionChains: key_down(Keys.ENTER)

class TestKeyBoardDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_enter(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://www.sogou.com/")
        ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "query")
        ele.send_keys("selenium")
        # 第一种方式
        ele.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        # 第二种方式
        # ActionChains(self.driver).\
        #     key_down(Keys.ENTER).\
        #     perform()
        time.sleep(3)

键盘事件-复制粘贴

 

• 多系统兼容
  • mac 的复制按钮为 COMMAND
  • windows 的复制按钮为 CONTROL
• 左箭头：Keys.ARROW_LEFT
• 按下COMMAND或者CONTROL: key_down(cmd_ctrl)
• 按下剪切与粘贴按钮: send_keys("xvvvvv")

class TestKeyBoardDemo:
    # driver 初始化
    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
    # 关闭driver进程
    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()
    # 复制粘贴逻辑
    def test_copy_and_paste(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
        cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-button").click()
        ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-term")
        # 打开搜索，选择搜索框，输入selenium，剪切后复制，几个v就代表复制几次
        ActionChains(self.driver)\
            .key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele)\
            .send_keys("Selenium!")\
            .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
            .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
            .send_keys("xvvvvv")\
            .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
            .perform()
        time.sleep(5)

鼠标事件

 

• 双击
• 拖动元素
• 指定位置（悬浮）

https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/mouse/

鼠标事件-双击

 

• double_click(元素对象): 双击元素

class TestMouseDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_double_click(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study")
        ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "primary_btn")
        ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(ele).perform()
        time.sleep(2)

鼠标事件-拖动元素

 

• drag_and_drop(起始元素对象, 结束元素对象): 拖动并放开元素

class TestMouseDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_drag_and_drop(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study/action_chains")
        item_left = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#item1')
        item_right = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#item3')
        ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(item_left, item_right).perform()
        time.sleep(5)

鼠标事件-悬浮

 

• move_to_element(元素对象): 移动到某个元素

class TestMouseDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_hover(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study/action_chains2")
        time.sleep(2)
        title = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.title')
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(title).perform()
        options = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.options>div:nth-child(1)')
        ActionChains(self.driver).click(options).perform()
        time.sleep(5)

滚轮/滚动操作

 

• 滚动到元素
• 根据坐标滚动
• 注意： selenium 版本需要在 4.2 之后

https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/wheel/#tabs-3-1

滚轮/滚动操作-滚动到元素

 

• scroll_to_element(WebElement对象):滚动到某个元素

class TestScrollDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()
    
    def test_scoll_to_element(self):
        # 演练环境  
        self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
        # 4.2 之后才提供这个方法
        ele = self.driver.find_element\
        (By.XPATH, "//*[text()='怎么写高可用集群部署的测试方案？']")
        ActionChains(self.driver).scroll_to_element(ele).perform()
        time.sleep(5)

滚轮/滚动操作-根据坐标滚动

 

• scroll_by_amount(横坐标, 纵坐标)

class TestScrollDemo:

    def setup_class(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)

    def teardown_class(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_scroll_to_amount(self):
        # 演练环境
        self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
        # 4.2 之后才提供这个方法
        ActionChains(self.driver).scroll_by_amount(0, 10000).perform()
        time.sleep(5)