ObjectBuilderApplicationBlock
文/黄忠成
八、ObjectBuilder实务
8-1、ObjectBuilderWithConfiguration
截至目前为止,本文一直以程序方式来配置ObjectBuidler建立对象所需的各种对象,但在实务上,这些动作应该是交由配置文件来负责,这样才能在不重新编译应用程序的情况下,改变其行为或增加其功能。很幸运的,Microsoft于ObjectBuilder的范例中提供了一个途径来达到此目的,该范例定义了一个.xsd文件,其内定义了ConstructorInjection、SetterInjection、Singleton、TypeMapping所需要的schema,当然!这个xsd中也定义了Strategy的schema,允许设计者通过配置文件来添加对象建立时所需使用的Strategys。
ConsturctorInjectionWithConfiguration
我将Microsoft所提供可配置ObjectBuidler的范例中关于处理配置文件时的.xsd及相关文件提取出来,并添加MethodInjection时所需要的schema及程序代码,放置于本文的范例程序档中,当读者们需要使用配置文件这个功能时,可以将Config目录中的ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsd、ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsx、ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.cs、ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.Generate.cs等文件复制到项目目录中,并将ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsd、ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.Generate.cs加入到项目中,完成后再将ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsd设置成EmbeddedResource,如图10所示。
图10
接着将修改ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.cs中关于由Resource中取得.xsd内容的程序代码,修正namespace为项目的默认namespace即可。
程序44
privatestaticObjectBuilderXmlConfigParseXmlConfiguration(stringconfig) { XmlSerializerser=newXmlSerializer(typeof(ObjectBuilderXmlConfig)); StringReaderstringReader=newStringReader(config); XmlSchemaschema= XmlSchema.Read( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream( "OB_CSConfigurationTest.ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsd"),null); XmlReaderSettingssettings=newXmlReaderSettings(); settings.ValidationType=ValidationType.Schema; settings.Schemas.Add(schema); XmlReaderreader=XmlReader.Create(stringReader,settings); ObjectBuilderXmlConfigconfigData=(ObjectBuilderXmlConfig)ser.Deserialize(reader); returnconfigData; } |
要使用配置文件来完成ConstructorInjection,我们必须在项目中新增一个xml文件,内容如下所示。
<object-builder-configxmlns="pag-object-builder"> <build-rules> <build-rule type="OB_ConfigurationTest.InputAccept,OB_CSConfigurationTest"mode="Instance"> <constructor-params> <ref-param type="OB_ConfigurationTest.PromptDataProcessor,OB_CSConfigurationTest"/> </constructor-params> </build-rule> </build-rules> </object-builder-config> |
在ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.xsd定义中,build-rules代表着此BuilderContext中所有的对象建立规则,每个build-rule对应着一个“类型/id”,类型格式为<type,Assembly>,id部份则可通过添加name这个attribute来设置,未指定时就以null为默认值,如下。
<build-rule type="OB_ConfigurationTest.InputAccept,OB_CSConfigurationTest" name=”id |
每个build-rule可以拥有一个constructor-params区段,设计者可以在这个区段中添加value-param或是ref-param定义,前者是直接设置该参数的值,后者是通过reference方式来设值,本例中是将InputAccept建构子的第一个参数值指定为PromptDataProcessor。程序45是使用这个配置文件的程序列表。
程序45
usingSystem; usingSystem.Collections.Generic; usingSystem.Text; usingSystem.IO; usingSystem.Configuration; usingMicrosoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder; usingMicrosoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.ObjectBuilder; usingMicrosoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration; namespaceOB_ConfigurationTest { classProgram { staticvoidMain(string[]args) { using(FileStreamfs=newFileStream("XmlFile1.xml",FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)) { using(StreamReadersr=newStreamReader(fs)) { Builderbuilder=newBuilder(ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.FromXml(sr.ReadToEnd())); InputAcceptaccept=builder.BuildUp<InputAccept>(newLocator(),null,null); accept.Execute(); Console.Read(); } } } } publicclassInputAccept { privateIDataProcessor_dataProcessor; publicvoidExecute() { Console.Write("PleaseInputsomewords:"); stringinput=Console.ReadLine(); input=_dataProcessor.ProcessData(input); Console.WriteLine(input); } publicInputAccept([Dependency(Name="dataProcessor")]IDataProcessordataProcessor) { _dataProcessor=dataProcessor; } } publicinterfaceIDataProcessor { stringProcessData(stringinput); } publicclassDummyDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { returninput; } #endregion } publicclassPromptDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { return"yourinputis:"+input; } #endregion } } |
SetterInjectionWithConfiguration
同样的,我们也可以通过配置文件来完成SetterInjection,此范例所使用的配置文件如下。
<object-builder-configxmlns="pag-object-builder"> <build-rules> <build-rule type="OB_CSPropertyInjectionTest.InputAccept,OB_CSPropertyInjectionTest"mode="Instance"> <propertyname="DataProcessor"> <ref-param type="OB_CSPropertyInjectionTest.PromptDataProcessor,OB_CSPropertyInjectionTest"/> </property> </build-rule> </build-rules> </object-builder-config> |
设计者必须将要设置的属性定义放置于build-rule区段中的property,property有一个nameattribute,代表着欲设置属性的名称,如要设置一个以上的属性,只需添加多个property区段即可,程序46是使用此配置文件的程序代码。
程序46
usingSystem; usingSystem.Collections.Generic; usingSystem.Text; usingSystem.IO; usingSystem.Configuration; usingMicrosoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder; usingMicrosoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.ObjectBuilder; usingMicrosoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration; namespaceOB_CSPropertyInjectionTest { classProgram { staticvoidMain(string[]args) { using(FileStreamfs=newFileStream("XmlFile1.xml",FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)) { using(StreamReadersr=newStreamReader(fs)) { Builderbuilder=newBuilder(ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.FromXml(sr.ReadToEnd())); InputAcceptaccept=builder.BuildUp<InputAccept>(newLocator(),null,null); accept.Execute(); Console.Read(); } } } } publicclassInputAccept { privateIDataProcessor_dataProcessor; [Dependency(Name="DataProcessor")] publicIDataProcessorDataProcessor { get { return_dataProcessor; } set { _dataProcessor=value; } } publicvoidExecute() { Console.Write("PleaseInputsomewords:"); stringinput=Console.ReadLine(); input=_dataProcessor.ProcessData(input); Console.WriteLine(input); } } publicinterfaceIDataProcessor { stringProcessData(stringinput); } publicclassDummyDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { returninput; } #endregion } publicclassPromptDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { return"yourinputis:"+input; } #endregion } } |
MethodInjectionWithConfiguration
Microsoft所提供的配置文件机制并未定义MethodInjection的功能,我将其稍微修改来支援此功能,下面是MethodInjection时所用的配置文件。
<object-builder-configxmlns="pag-object-builder"> <build-rules> <build-rule type="OB_CSMethodInjectionTest.InputAccept,OB_CSMethodInjectionTest"mode="Instance"> <methodname="SetDataProcessor"> <ref-param type="OB_CSMethodInjectionTest.PromptDataProcessor,OB_CSMethodInjectionTest"/> </method> </build-rule> </build-rules> </object-builder-config> |
用法与property大致相同,程序47是程序代码列表。
程序47
usingSystem; usingSystem.Collections.Generic; usingSystem.Text; usingSystem.IO; usingMicrosoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder; namespaceOB_CSMethodInjectionTest { classProgram { staticvoidMain(string[]args) { using(FileStreamfs=newFileStream("XmlFile1.xml",FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)) { using(StreamReadersr=newStreamReader(fs)) { Builderbuilder=newBuilder(ObjectBuilderXmlConfig.FromXml(sr.ReadToEnd())); InputAcceptaccept=builder.BuildUp<InputAccept>(newLocator(),null,null); accept.Execute(); Console.Read(); } } } } publicclassInputAccept { privateIDataProcessor_dataProcessor; publicvoidSetDataProcessor([Dependency(Name="dataProcessor")]IDataProcessordataProcessor) { _dataProcessor=dataProcessor; } publicvoidExecute() { Console.Write("PleaseInputsomewords:"); stringinput=Console.ReadLine(); input=_dataProcessor.ProcessData(input); Console.WriteLine(input); } } publicinterfaceIDataProcessor { stringProcessData(stringinput); } publicclassDummyDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { returninput; } #endregion } publicclassPromptDataProcessor:IDataProcessor { #regionIDataProcessorMembers publicstringProcessData(stringinput) { return"yourinputis:"+input; } #endregion } } |
SingletonWithConfiguration
通过配置文件,也可以定义那个“类型/id”的对象是使用Singleton模式,如下所示。
<build-ruletype="OB_CSMethodInjectionTest.PromptDataProcessor,OB_CSMethodInjectionTest"mode="Singleton"/> |
TypeMappingWithConfiguration
我们也可以在配置文件中定义TypeMapping,如下所示。
<build-rule type="OB_CSMethodInjectionTest.IDataProcessor,OB_CSMethodInjectionTest"mode="Instance"> <mapped-type type="OB_CSMethodInjectionTest.PromptDataProcessor,OB_CSMethodInjectionTest"/> </build-rule> |
CustomizeStrategys
通过配置文件,也可以定义建立对象时所需要的Strategys,如下所示。
<object-builder-configxmlns="pag-object-builder"> <strategiesinclude-default="false"> <strategy type="Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder.TypeMappingStrategy,Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder"/> <strategy type="Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder.CreationStrategy,Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder"/> <strategy type="Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder.MethodExecutionStrategy,Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder"/> ....................... </object-builder-config> |
include-default属性决定是否包含Builder对象所内建的Strategys。
九、后记
ObjectBuilder是一个相当不错的DependencyInjection实作体,虽然相对于Spring、Avalon,ObjectBuilder并不是相当的完整,例如没有完整的配置文件驱动特色,但她所具备的高度延展性,可以让我们轻易的达到这个需求,且日后相信ObjectBuilder也会内建这些功能的。
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