python + pytest 之 fixture装饰器使用详解(版本1)
简介:
fixture装饰器区别于unnitest的传统单元测试(setup/teardown)有显著改进:
1.fixture装饰的函数可独立命名,并通过声明范围scope,可从测试函数、模块、类或整个项目来使用。
2.按模块化的方式实现,每个fixture都可以互相调用。
3.fixture的范围从简单的单元测试到复杂的功能测试,可以对fixture配置参数,可以跨函数function、类class、模块module或整个测试session范围。
fixture装饰的函数可以当做参数传入
定义fixture的函数跟定义普通函数差不多,唯一区别就是在函数上加个装饰器@pytest.fixture(),fixture函数命名不需要以test开头,可以跟用例区分开。fixture是有返回值得,没有返回值默认为None。用例调用fixture函数的返回值,直接就是把fixture的函数名当做变量名。
# @File: test_fixture.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def test_01():
a = 10
print('test_01被调用了...')
return a
def test_02(test_01):
assert test_01 == 10
print("断言成功")
def test_03(test_01):
assert test_01 == 10
print("断言成功")
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\PycharmProjects\apiFrame_gnh_230313\common
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, assume-2.4.3
collected 2 items
test_fixture.py test_01被调用了...
断言成功
.test_01被调用了...
断言成功
.
============================== 2 passed in 0.03s ==============================
fixture返回多个值(元组、列表等)
如果用例需要用到多个fixture的返回数据,fixture也可以返回一个元祖,list或字典,然后从里面取出对应数据。
# @File: test_fixture2.py import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope='function') # scope='function' 为默认值 def test_01(): a = 8 b = 9 return (a, b) def test_02(test_01): a = test_01[0] b = test_01[1] assert a < b print("断言成功") if __name__=='__main__': pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture2.py'])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\PycharmProjects\apiFrame_gnh_230313\common
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, assume-2.4.3
collected 1 item
test_fixture2.py 断言成功
.
============================== 1 passed in 0.05s ==============================
fixture的作用范围(scope)
fixture里面有个scope参数可以控制fixture的作用范围:function < class < module < session
-function:每个函数或方法都可以调用。scope='function' 为默认值。(相当于setup,每个test方法之前都会执行)
-class:一个类中仅调用一次,一个类中可以有多个方法。(相当于setup_class,类中仅执行一次)
-module:一个.py文件中仅调用一次,该文件内又可以有多个function和class。
-session:多个文件中仅调用一次,可以跨.py文件调用,每个.py文件就是模块module。
# @File: test_fixture3.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
a = 8
b = 9
print('test_01被调用了...')
return (a, b)
class TestDemo:
def test_02(self, test_01):
a = test_01[0]
b = test_01[1]
assert a < b
print("断言成功")
def test_03(self, test_01):
a = test_01[0]
b = test_01[1]
assert a < b
print("断言成功")
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture3.py'])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\PycharmProjects\apiFrame_gnh_230313\common
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, assume-2.4.3
collected 2 items
test_fixture3.py test_01被调用了...
断言成功
.断言成功
.
============================== 2 passed in 0.04s ==============================
调用fixture的三种方法
1.函数或方法的参数列表中直接传fixture的函数名
PS:代码详见上图
2.使用装饰器@pytest.mark.usefixtures()修饰需要运行的用例
# @File: test_fixture4.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
a = 8
b = 9
print('test_01被调用了...')
return (a, b)
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01") # 默认有的装饰器
class TestDemo:
def test_02(self,test_01):
a = test_01[0]
b = test_01[1]
assert a < b
print("断言成功")
def test_03(self,test_01):
a = test_01[0]
b = test_01[1]
assert a < b
print("断言成功")
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture4.py'])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\PycharmProjects\apiFrame_gnh_230313\common
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, assume-2.4.3
collected 2 items
test_fixture4.py test_01被调用了...
断言成功
.断言成功
.
============================== 2 passed in 0.05s ==============================
3.叠加使用多个usefixtures
如果一个方法或者一个class用例想要同时调用多个fixture,可以使用@pytest.mark.usefixture()进行叠加。注意叠加顺序,先执行的放底层,后执行的放上层。
# @File: test_fixture5.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
a = 8
b = 9
print('test_01被调用了...')
return (a, b)
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_02():
print("test_02被调用了...")
return 'hello123'
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01")
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_02") # 底层的优先执行
class TestDemo:
def test_03(self,test_01,test_02):
a = test_01[0]
b = test_01[1]
print(test_02)
assert a < b
print("断言成功")
def test_04(self,test_02):
print(test_02)
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture5.py'])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\PycharmProjects\apiFrame_gnh_230313\common
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, assume-2.4.3
collected 2 items
test_fixture5.py test_02被调用了...
test_01被调用了...
hello123
断言成功
.hello123
.
============================== 2 passed in 0.04s ==============================