03-HIstogram（直方图）

合集 - 【SDK卷】-----------------------------(24)

1.strings包2022-07-302.envconfig包（读取环境变量）2022-05-123.gocron包（定时任务）2023-01-044.go-redis包2023-03-145.net/http包实战2022-05-026.net/http包Client的使用2022-05-107.01-判断正则匹配、判断正则合法性2022-06-188.02-查找正则匹配字串、查找正则匹配字串的位置2022-06-199.03-查找匹配字串，查找匹配字串位置，正则分组2022-06-2010.04-使用正则替换2022-06-2211.06-其他用法2022-06-2512.01-注释、作用域、空格和空行、管道2022-08-2913.02-变量、if语句、迭代、内置函数2022-08-3114.01-入门示例、工作簿、文件Writer2022-09-0415.02-工作表操作2022-09-0816.03-行和列操作2022-09-1317.04-迭代器2022-09-1618.05-单元格操作2022-09-2719.06-样式设置2022-09-2920.07-流式写入2022-10-2121.01-Gauge（仪表盘）2022-08-0822.02-Counter（计数器）2022-08-09

23.03-HIstogram（直方图）2022-08-22

24.04-Summary（摘要）2022-08-21

收起

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目录

• 1. 不带标签的HIstogram
  • 语法
  • 完整示例
• 2. 带标签的HIstogram
  • 语法
  • 完整示例

• 特点：显示数据的区间分布。

统计各个值落到每个bucket中的数量

1. 不带标签的HIstogram

语法

• 实例化

func NewHistogram(opts HistogramOpts) Histogram

• HistogramOpts结构体

type HistogramOpts struct {
    Namespace   string
    Subsystem   string
    Name        string
    Help        string
    ConstLabels Labels
    Buckets     []float64
}

• Buckets设置

func LinearBuckets(start float64, width float64, count int) []float64

说明：

• start ： 第一个bucket统计的最大值（小于等于该值的放入该bucket）
• width：bucket宽，或者说步长。（start+width就是第二个bucket的上限，依次类推）
• count：设置多少个bucket

• Observe

func (Histogram) Observe(float64)

传入Observe(float64)的数据将统计到Bucket

完整示例

一组学生的成绩，分别为分到59分（含）以下、69分（含）以下……等各bucket中

• 代码

package main
 
import (
	"flag"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)
var addr = flag.String("listen-address", ":1840", "The address to listen on for HTTP requests")
 
var (
	scoresHistogram = prometheus.NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
		Name: "scores_count",
		Help: "Statistics of student scores",
		Buckets: prometheus.LinearBuckets(59,10,5),
	})
)
 
 
func init() {
	prometheus.MustRegister(scoresHistogram)
}
 
func main() {
	flag.Parse()
 
	var scores = [10]float64{65,88,82,87,84,92,96,59,87,42}
	for i:=0;i<len(scores);i++{
		scoresHistogram.Observe(scores[i])
	}
 
	http.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*addr, nil))
}

• 执行结果

# HELP scores_count Statistics of student scores
# TYPE scores_count histogram
scores_count_bucket{le="59"} 2
scores_count_bucket{le="69"} 3
scores_count_bucket{le="79"} 3
scores_count_bucket{le="89"} 8
scores_count_bucket{le="99"} 10
scores_count_bucket{le="+Inf"} 10
scores_count_sum 782
scores_count_count 10

结果说明：

• scores_count_bucket{le="59"}：59分以下（含59分）2 人
• scores_count_bucket{le="69"}：69分以下（含59分）3 人
• scores_count_bucket{le="79"}：79分以下（含59分）3 人
• scores_count_bucket{le="89"}：89分以下（含59分）8 人
• scores_count_bucket{le="99"}：99分以下（含59分）10 人
• scores_count_bucket{le="+Inf"}：当前一共统计了10人
• scores_count_sum：当前学生分数和为 782分
• scores_count_count：当前一共统计了10人

2. 带标签的HIstogram

根据标签，一个bucket统计多组数据。

语法

• 实例化

func NewHistogramVec(opts HistogramOpts, labelNames []string) *HistogramVec

• HistogramOpts结构体

type HistogramOpts struct {
    Namespace   string
    Subsystem   string
    Name        string
    Help        string
    ConstLabels Labels
    Buckets     []float64
}

• 打标签

func (v *HistogramVec) WithLabelValues(lvs ...string) Observer

• Observe

func (Histogram) Observe(float64)

传入Observe(float64)的数据将统计到Bucket

完整示例

package main
 
import (
	"flag"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)
var addr = flag.String("listen-address", ":1840", "The address to listen on for HTTP requests")
 
var (
	scoresHistogram = prometheus.NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
		Name: "scores_count",
		Help: "Statistics of student scores",
		Buckets: prometheus.LinearBuckets(59,10,5),
	},[]string{"group"})
)
 
 
func init() {
	prometheus.MustRegister(scoresHistogram)
}
 
func main() {
	flag.Parse()
 
	scoresClass01 := [10]float64{65,88,82,87,84,92,96,59,87,42}
	scoresClass02 := [10]float64{90,98,89,97,86,82,99,100,97,88}
	for i:=0;i<10;i++{
		scoresHistogram.WithLabelValues("class-01").Observe(scoresClass01[i])
		scoresHistogram.WithLabelValues("class-02").Observe(scoresClass02[i])
	}
 
	http.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*addr, nil))
}

• 输出

# HELP scores_count Statistics of student scores
# TYPE scores_count histogram
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="59"} 2
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="69"} 3
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="79"} 3
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="89"} 8
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="99"} 10
scores_count_bucket{group="class-01",le="+Inf"} 10
scores_count_sum{group="class-01"} 782
scores_count_count{group="class-01"} 10
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="59"} 0
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="69"} 0
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="79"} 0
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="89"} 4
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="99"} 9
scores_count_bucket{group="class-02",le="+Inf"} 10
scores_count_sum{group="class-02"} 926
scores_count_count{group="class-02"} 10

说明：见上例

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