微信公众号开发
在公众平台沙箱环境中注册
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index
大致的流程
1. 获取 appId 和appsecret
appID：wx89085e915d351cae appsecret：64f87abfc664f1d4f11d0ac98b24c42d
网页授权获取用户基本信息 修改微信可以访问的地址：47.98.134.86 或 域名
2. 关注公众号（已认证的服务号） 注册成功会有一个二维码
3. 生成二维码，用户扫描；
将用户信息发送给微信，微信再将数据发送给设置redirect_uri地址(md5值)
4. 回调地址：47.98.134.86/callback/
- 授权
- 用户md5
- 获取wx_id
在数据库中更新设置：wx_id
5. 发送消息（模板消息）
- wx_id
- access_token（2小时有效期）
models.py
import hashlib
from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True)
wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
if not self.pk:
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
self.uid = m.hexdigest()
super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/$', views.login),
url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]
登陆的视图 --- > 登陆成功后 引导用户关注公众号和绑定个人的信息
def auth(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
if not user_info:
return redirect('/login/')
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
def login(request):
"""
用户登录
:param request:
:return:
"""
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
print(obj)
if obj:
request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
return redirect('/bind/')
else:
return render(request, 'login.html')
关注公众号
@auth
def bind(request):
"""
用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
:param request:
:return:
"""
return render(request, 'bind.html')
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto"> <h1>请关注服务号，并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1> <div> <h3>第一步：关注微信服务号</h3> <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}"> </div> <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()"> <div> <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3> <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script> <script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script> <script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script> <script> function getBindUserQcode() { $.ajax({ url: '/bind_qcode/', type: 'GET', success: function (result) { console.log(result); $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data}); } }); } </script> </body> </html>
点击关注服务号成功微信后会生成一个 关注后的用户列表
绑定个人的账户,我们想要获取在微信公众号中用户的id存到数据库中
在这里生成了一个url让用户去访问（已二维码的形式）
@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
"""
生成二维码
:param request:
:return:
"""
ret = {'code': 1000}
try:
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
access_url = access_url.format(
appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx89085e915d351cae',
redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 'http://47.93.4.198/test/',
state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
)
ret['data'] = access_url
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(ret)
当用户扫描绑定个人信息后，会访问如下的视图函数 (把公共号中的用户的ID存入数据库中，根据数据库中的uid)
def callback(request):
"""
用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
:param request:
:return:
"""
code = request.GET.get("code")
# 用户md5值
state = request.GET.get("state")
# 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
res = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
params={
"appid": 'wx89085e915d351cae',
"secret": '64f87abfc664f1d4f11d0ac98b24c42d',
"code": code,
"grant_type": 'authorization_code',
}
).json()
# 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
openid = res.get("openid")
if openid:
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
else:
response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
return HttpResponse(response)
发送模板消息
在微信公众号中定义的模板消息
def sendmsg(request):
def get_access_token():
"""
获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
"""
result = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
params={
"grant_type": "client_credential",
"appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
"secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
}
).json()
if result.get("access_token"):
access_token = result.get('access_token')
else:
access_token = None
return access_token
access_token = get_access_token()
openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id
def send_custom_msg():
body = {
"touser": openid,
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {
"content": '云姐好美呀'
}
}
response = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
)
# 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
result = response.json()
return result
def send_template_msg():
"""
发送模版消息
"""
res = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
json={
"touser": openid,
"template_id": 'rbm9NAgqSb3HITCJYjJr9kiX2-J9LHg982JCuvxJQIA',
"data": {
"first": {
"value": "云姐",
"color": "#173177"
},
"keyword1": {
"value": "美女",
"color": "#173177"
},
}
}
)
result = res.json()
return result
result = send_template_msg()
if result.get('errcode') == 0:
return HttpResponse('发送成功')
return HttpResponse('发送失败')
