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MySQL-分布式架构-MyCAT

atlas实现了读写分离，成千上万的用户进行写入的操作的时候，希望引入在不同节点写的轮询

MyCAT基础架构图

MyCAT基础环境（mysql多实例）搭建

1.1 环境准备：

  • 两台虚拟机 db01 db02

  • 每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310

1.2 删除历史环境：

pkill mysqld
\rm -rf /data/330* 
\mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

1.3 创建相关目录初始化数据

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql

1.4 准备DB01配置文件和启动脚本

cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
View Code

1.5 准备DB02配置文件和启动脚本

cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF


cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
View Code

1.6 修改权限，启动多实例

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310　

1.6.1 db01上检查mysql多实例是否配置成功

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

1.6.2 db02上检查mysql多实例是否配置成功 

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

 

1.7 节点主从规划

箭头指向谁是主库

10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307

10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310  ----->     10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308

1.8 分片规划

shard1：
    Master：10.0.0.51:3307
    slave1：10.0.0.51:3309
    Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307
    slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：
    Master：10.0.0.52:3308
    slave1：10.0.0.52:3310
    Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308
    slave2：10.0.0.51:3310

1.9 开始配置

第一组四节点结构

10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 互为主从搭建

db02执行:

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db01执行:

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db02执行:

mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 （51上配置3309从3307主）

db01执行:

mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307（52上配置3309从3307主）

db02执行:

mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

第二组四节点结构

10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308

db01执行:

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"

db02执行:

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

db01执行:

mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308

db02执行：

mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308

db01执行:

mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

1.10 检测主从状态

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes

注：如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令,从第1.9步重新开始即可

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"

 MySQL分布式架构介绍

  • 1. schema拆分及业务分库

  • 2. 垂直拆分-分库分表，把在一个实例上的库或者表查分到不同的实例上去

  • 3. 水平拆分-分片 把一个表中的数据拆分到不同的实例上去

  • 分布式解决的是，在读数据库操作的时候把查分的表练习在一起

企业代表产品

360 Atlas-Sharding
Alibaba  cobar 
Mycat
TDDL
Heisenberg
Oceanus
Vitess
OneProxy 
DRDS　　

MyCAT安装

1 预先安装Java运行环境

yum install -y java

2 下载

Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
http://dl.mycat.io/

3 解压文件

tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042-linux.tar.gz

4 软件目录结构

ls
bin  catlet  conf  lib  logs  version.txt

配置文件介绍

logs目录:

  • wrapper.log ---->mycat启动日志

  • mycat.log ---->mycat详细工作日志

conf目录:

  • schema.xml 主配置文件（读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制）

  • server.xml mycat 软件本身相关的配置

  • rule.xml 分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等

  • log4j2.xml *** ,记录日志有关

  • *.txt ,分片策略使用的规则

5 启动和连接

配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
启动
mycat start
连接mycat：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066

mycat基础--高可用+读写分离

用户创建及数据库导入

db01:

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

读写分离配置　　

cd /application/mycat/conf
mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
vim schema.xml 

<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  
        <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />         
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
                        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> 
        </writeHost> 
        </dataHost>  
</mycat:schema>
schema.xml

配置文件简单介绍

mycat 逻辑库定义:
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
==================================================
数据节点定义:
	<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
==================================================
后端主机定义:
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
                        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
        </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
===================================================

</mycat:schema>

说明:

  • 第一个 writehost: 10.0.0.51:3307 真正的写节点,负责写操作

  • 第二个 wrirehost: 10.0.0.52:3307 准备写节点,负责读,当 10.0.0.51:3307宕掉,会切换为真正的写节点

测试:

[root@db01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.51 -P 8066

读:

mysql> select @@server_id;

写:

mysql> begin ;select @@server_id; commit;

 配置中的属性介绍　

balance属性

负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种： 
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。 
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
  当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。 
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。

writeType属性

负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种： 
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用

switchType属性

-1 表示不自动切换 
1 默认值，自动切换 
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status

datahost其他配置

<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> 

maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程

tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  监测心跳

Mycat高级应用-分布式解决方案

垂直分表

mv  schema.xml  schema.xml.ha 
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
        <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
	
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>	
</mycat:schema>

多了几行配置 

  • <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/> 访问user表分到 sh1数据节点

  • <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/> 访问sh2表分到sh2数据节点

  • <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 访问其他的表默认是sh1数据节点

创建测试库和表

[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"

重启mycat :

mycat restart

测试功能:

[root@db01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.51 -P 8066
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> insert into user(id ,name ) values(1,'a'),(2,'b');
mysql> commit;

mysql> insert into order_t(id ,name ) values(1,'a'),(2,'b');
mysql> commit;

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user             |
+------------------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
+------------------+
[root@db01 ~]#

范围分片把表查分到不同的分片上

比如说t3表

  • (1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）

  • (2)访问非常频繁，用户访问较离散

配置文件局部要修改如下

 配置说明

<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />

把表t3拆分到sh1和sh2数据节点上，安装auto-sharding-long的策略　　

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
        <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
    <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
    <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
    <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    
    <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    </dataHost>    
</mycat:schema>
schema.xml

rule.xml 拆分的策略中重要的地方（默认的不用自己配置）

<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
                </rule>             
<function name="rang-long"
    class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
    <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>

autopartition-long.txt 1-10条数据在1号分片，10-20在2号分片

1-10=0
10-20=1

创建测试表：

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

重启mycat

mycat restart

测试：

插入数据

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
user testdb
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(10,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
insert into t3(id,name) values(20,'dd');

查询测试

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select *  from taobao.t3;"
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select *  from taobao.t3;"　

取模分片（mod-long）

取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点

配置在逻辑库下添加以下内容

vim schema.xml

<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />　

vim rule.xml 修改为2，因为只有2个节点

<property name="count">2</property>

创建测试表

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

重启mycat

mycat restart

添加测试数据　　

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066

use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');

分别登录后端节点查询数据

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"　

枚举分片 sharding-by-intfile

t5 表结构如下

id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555

北京的落在一个分片，上海的落在一个分片　　

配置逻辑库

vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />

配置规则  rule.xml 字段按照name，在函数中加入 <property name="type">1</property>支持字符串和中文

columns 标识将要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函数， 其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称

<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> 
<rule> <columns>name</columns> 
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> 
</rule> 
</tableRule> 

<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> 
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> 
  <property name="type">1</property>
                <property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>

partition-hash-int.txt 配置

bj=0 
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1

准备测试环境

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

重启mycat

mycat restart

插入数据

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');

分别登录后端节点查询数据

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"

Mycat全局表

a   b   c  d   
join 
t 

select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
join t 
select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
join t 
select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
join t 

使用场景：
如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大，
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join，
避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。 

vim schema.xml 
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id"  type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" /> 

后端数据准备
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
use taobao
create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
use taobao
create table t_area  (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);

重启mycat 
mycat restart 

测试： 
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066

use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');

E-R分片

A 
join 
B  
为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A   join   B
on  a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> 
       <childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" /> 
</table>

 

posted @ 2020-03-10 22:47  Crazymagic  阅读(2864)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报