20214316陈启政《python程序设计》实验四
课程：《Python程序设计》
班级：2143
姓名：陈启政
学号：20214316
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2022年5月28日
必修/选修：公选课
一.华为云ECS服务器的购买
此前在程序设计基础课程上购买过华为云服务器，因此在相同配置基础上购买即可。
二.程序源代码
import pygame import random import os pygame.init() GRID_WIDTH = 20 GRID_NUM_WIDTH = 15 GRID_NUM_HEIGHT = 25 WIDTH, HEIGHT = GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT SIDE_WIDTH = 200 SCREEN_WIDTH = WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH WHITE = (0xff, 0xff, 0xff) BLACK = (0, 0, 0) LINE_COLOR = (0x33, 0x33, 0x33) CUBE_COLORS = [ (0xcc, 0x99, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x99), (0x66, 0x66, 0x99), (0x99, 0x00, 0x66), (0xff, 0xcc, 0x00), (0xcc, 0x00, 0x33), (0xff, 0x00, 0x33), (0x00, 0x66, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x33), (0x99, 0x00, 0x33), (0xcc, 0xff, 0x66), (0xff, 0x99, 0x00) ] screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块") clock = pygame.time.Clock() FPS = 30 score = 0 level = 1 screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] # 设置游戏的根目录为当前文件夹 base_folder = os.path.dirname(__file__) def show_text(surf, text, size, x, y, color=WHITE): font_name = os.path.join(base_folder, 'C:/font/Menlo.ttc') font = pygame.font.Font(font_name, size) text_surface = font.render(text, True, color) text_rect = text_surface.get_rect() text_rect.midtop = (x, y) surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect) class CubeShape(object): SHAPES = ['I', 'J', 'L', 'O', 'S', 'T', 'Z'] I = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)]] J = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)], [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)]] L = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)], [(1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)], [(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)], [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0)]] O = [[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]] S = [[(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)], [(1, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)]] T = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)], [(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1)]] Z = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)], [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)]] SHAPES_WITH_DIR = { 'I': I, 'J': J, 'L': L, 'O': O, 'S': S, 'T': T, 'Z': Z } def __init__(self): self.shape = self.SHAPES[random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES) - 1)] # 骨牌所在的行列 self.center = (2, GRID_NUM_WIDTH // 2) self.dir = random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape]) - 1) self.color = CUBE_COLORS[random.randint(0, len(CUBE_COLORS) - 1)] def get_all_gridpos(self, center=None): curr_shape = self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape][self.dir] if center is None: center = [self.center[0], self.center[1]] return [(cube[0] + center[0], cube[1] + center[1]) for cube in curr_shape] def conflict(self, center): for cube in self.get_all_gridpos(center): # 超出屏幕之外，说明不合法 if cube[0] < 0 or cube[1] < 0 or cube[0] >= GRID_NUM_HEIGHT or \ cube[1] >= GRID_NUM_WIDTH: return True # 不为None，说明之前已经有小方块存在了，也不合法 if screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] is not None: return True return False def rotate(self): new_dir = self.dir + 1 new_dir %= len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape]) old_dir = self.dir self.dir = new_dir if self.conflict(self.center): self.dir = old_dir return False def down(self): # import pdb; pdb.set_trace() center = (self.center[0] + 1, self.center[1]) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def left(self): center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] - 1) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def right(self): center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] + 1) if self.conflict(center): return False self.center = center return True def draw(self): for cube in self.get_all_gridpos(): pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH), 1) def draw_grids(): for i in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH): pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR, (i * GRID_WIDTH, 0), (i * GRID_WIDTH, HEIGHT)) for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT): pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR, (0, i * GRID_WIDTH), (WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, 0), (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)) def draw_matrix(): for i, row in zip(range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT), screen_color_matrix): for j, color in zip(range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH), row): if color is not None: pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH), 2) def draw_score(): show_text(screen, u'得分：{}'.format(score), 20, WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH // 2, 100) def remove_full_line(): global screen_color_matrix global score global level new_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] index = GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1 n_full_line = 0 for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1, -1, -1): is_full = True for j in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH): if screen_color_matrix[i][j] is None: is_full = False continue if not is_full: new_matrix[index] = screen_color_matrix[i] index -= 1 else: n_full_line += 1 score += n_full_line level = score // 20 + 1 screen_color_matrix = new_matrix def show_welcome(screen): show_text(screen, u'俄罗斯方块', 30, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2) show_text(screen, u'按任意键开始游戏', 20, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 + 50) running = True gameover = True counter = 0 live_cube = None while running: clock.tick(FPS) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if gameover: gameover = False live_cube = CubeShape() break if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: live_cube.left() elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: live_cube.right() elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: live_cube.down() elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: live_cube.rotate() elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: while live_cube.down() == True: pass remove_full_line() # level 是为了方便游戏的难度，level 越高 FPS // level 的值越小 # 这样屏幕刷新的就越快，难度就越大 if gameover is False and counter % (FPS // level) == 0: # down 表示下移骨牌，返回False表示下移不成功，可能超过了屏幕或者和之前固定的 # 小方块冲突了 if live_cube.down() == False: for cube in live_cube.get_all_gridpos(): screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] = live_cube.color live_cube = CubeShape() if live_cube.conflict(live_cube.center): gameover = True score = 0 live_cube = None screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)] # 消除满行 remove_full_line() counter += 1 # 更新屏幕 screen.fill(BLACK) draw_grids() draw_matrix() draw_score() if live_cube is not None: live_cube.draw() if gameover: show_welcome(screen) pygame.display.update()
三.程序在华为云服务器上运行截图
首先下载Xshell，复制弹性公网IP地址建议一个会话，将输入用户名和密码后开始使用。
新建文件夹test，在WinScp内将写好的代码上传至华为云服务器，输入指令后程序开始运行。
四.程序运行视频
https://files-cdn.cnblogs.com/files/blogs/743275/python%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.rar
五.实验中的问题
1.pygame的安装：
在pycharm编程游戏时，需要调用pygame库。因此在首次编程时，程序因缺少pygame库而报错。
2.版本不兼容问题
python3无法识别22.1版本以下的pip命令符，因此需要输入命令符pip install -u --force-reinstall pip Collecting pip,从而让系统可以识别21.1.2的命令符。
3.字体问题
因为电脑内缺少可使用的字体，因此需要在ttc内下载相应字体。我在ttc中随便找了一个Menlo字体，让程序可以正常运行。
4.可视化问题
华为云服务器中缺少相应的库，无法产生对应的可视化窗口。而我最开始使用的PuTTY无法下载此库，因此更换Xshell之后让程序成功运行。
六.课程总结
首先非常感谢王志强老师这一学期为我们的辛苦付出。俗话说“师傅领进门，修行靠个人。”斯言如是，课程中的教学知识和实际应用是两回事，尽管在课程中能够理解知识，但是当自己上手实践时，才体会到不易。尤其是当代码写完之后，开始检测时，出现了许多未曾注意到的的bug。这种情况是无法避免的，正如生活中遇到的挫折。想到这一点，也许再次面对程序的问题，抑或是生活的难题，都会以一种淡然的心态去面对。
选择python是因为此前在心底的一个想法，就是想要用编程语言编写一个自己的游戏。抱着这样的心态，我选择了python课程。12周的时光转瞬即逝，对于一门课程来说实在是太短，但对于一种学习也已足够。一本厚厚的python书还有很多知识尚未探索，倘若有时间，我也希望可以继续尝试。
所以，在期末最后一次实验的时候，我在一众课题之中，选择了“游戏”。可惜的是我没有什么水平去制作大工程，只能制作一款俄罗斯方块来满足以下自己的好奇心。无论是开始学python还是编写游戏，初上手都是无比艰难的。但是当思绪打开时，代码也随之泉涌。每次当我不知如何是好时，我就会去CSDN，博客园这些论坛搜索相关信息，向身边的人寻求帮助。也正是因为他们，我的课程学习才能圆满结束。
最后，我希望在之后的路上，就算忘记了学过的知识，但我希望自己不要忘记，在python课程上学习的宝贵经历。
