Docker入门

Docker安装

官方帮助文档：

# 1、卸载旧的版本
sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
# 2、需要的安装包
 sudo yum install -y yum-utils
#国外镜像
 sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#阿里云镜像（推荐）
 sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#更新yum缓存
 sudo yum makecache fast
# 3、安装docker
 sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 4、启动docker
systemctl start docker
#查看是否启动成功
docker version
# 5、启动hello-world
 sudo docker run hello-world
# 6、查看hello-world镜像
docker images

卸载docker：

#如果需要卸载docker
 sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
 sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

阿里云服务器镜像加速器：

登录阿里云，进入控制台，找到容器镜像服务，选择对应系统版本，得到操作步骤

#免费阿里云镜像加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://79oqmvbm.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Docker命令文档：

https://docs.docker.com/reference/

查看镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
#镜像的仓库源   标签       镜像ID         镜像创建时间     镜像大小
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB

搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10903     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4115      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   809                  [OK]
#过滤收藏量大于3000的
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10903     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4115      [OK]

拉取镜像

#下载docker镜像 docker pull 镜像名:tag
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	#如果不写tag，默认最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete	#分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete
951da7386bc8: Pull complete
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete
16415d159dfb: Pull complete
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	#镜像真实地址

删除镜像

#删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID
#遍历删除所有的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

启动容器

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="name"	容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d				后台方式运行
-it				使用交互式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p	ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p	主机端口:容器端口（常用）
	-p	容器端口
	容器端口
-p		随机容器端口

#下载一个centos容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
#查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    c0cdc95609f1   10 days ago    556MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   5 months ago   209MB
#启动并进入centos容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
#查看centos容器内容
[root@8aed09c8e6ea /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
#退出并继续运行容器 ctrl + p + q 组合键
#退出并停止容器
[root@8aed09c8e6ea /]# exit
exit
#容器与宿主机不相干
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg

列出容器

docker ps [可选参数]
#参数说明
无参数	  列出当前正在运行的容器
-a		列出当正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=？	显示最近创建的容器
-q		只显示容器编号

删除容器

docker rm 容器ID		#不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 强制删除  #可以删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm #删除所有容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器ID	#启动容器
docker restart 容器ID	#重启容器
docker stop 容器ID	#停止容器
docker kill 容器ID	#强制停止容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
# docker ps 发现 centos 自动停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止

查看容器日志

#启动centos容器			启动带入脚本循环输出字符串wang
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done"
01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388
#查看容器ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
01dc904710fb   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             blissful_maxwell
#显示容器日志最新的10条
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 01dc904710fb
2021-05-22T12:37:55.496002403Z wang
2021-05-22T12:37:56.500844096Z wang
2021-05-22T12:37:57.505126265Z wang
2021-05-22T12:37:58.507671551Z wang
2021-05-22T12:37:59.512895085Z wang
2021-05-22T12:38:00.518663182Z wang
2021-05-22T12:38:01.521399072Z wang
2021-05-22T12:38:02.525642986Z wang
2021-05-22T12:38:03.527662099Z wang
2021-05-22T12:38:04.530641057Z wang

查看容器进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker top 01dc904710fb
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3341                3321                0                   20:37               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done
root                3547                3341                0                   20:40               pts/0               00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看容器信息

docker inspect 01dc904710fb

[
    {
        "Id": "01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388",
        "Created": "2021-05-22T12:37:36.193250304Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3341,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-22T12:37:36.445167075Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388/01dc904710fba9797b58993c572f63dd9aefd1c529411d4beb01fb15918a4388-json.log",
        "Name": "/blissful_maxwell",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f7849f77fce0e28ba178460b6bd75ec4025496b84d95a4916a18aba6e914761-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ef531d3a99c73c2ff624480b4afdbb3144067894db8b10edb931c546dbb41c9e/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f7849f77fce0e28ba178460b6bd75ec4025496b84d95a4916a18aba6e914761/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f7849f77fce0e28ba178460b6bd75ec4025496b84d95a4916a18aba6e914761/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f7849f77fce0e28ba178460b6bd75ec4025496b84d95a4916a18aba6e914761/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "01dc904710fb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "410d3912d9d46fe73a861f3d0097726ff0cd8407ea673b580c7a546245f3ba5b",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/410d3912d9d4",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "daba68eecde9f110f7906f26cb9313fa3ff36cf8986eaa20489458cec3b3d2bf",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "52621d7ba91422aa7ac238cc9e886e53e6ab40abc1011f685e27fe6c22a1a25f",
                    "EndpointID": "daba68eecde9f110f7906f26cb9313fa3ff36cf8986eaa20489458cec3b3d2bf",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#进入容器后新建终端
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 01dc904710fb /bin/bash
#进入容器正在执行的终端
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 01dc904710fb

从容器文件拷入拷出

[root@localhost home]# docker run -it -d centos /bin/bash
1a358b82b139c1e74d361d01eef6a0ddb7190faa6e59e801917cfc493b002391
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS        PORTS     NAMES
1a358b82b139   centos    "/bin/bash"   1 second ago   Up 1 second             priceless_curran
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it 1a358b82b139 /bin/bash
[root@1a358b82b139 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@1a358b82b139 /]# cd /home/
[root@1a358b82b139 home]# ls
[root@1a358b82b139 home]# touch wang.java
[root@1a358b82b139 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# ls
esuser  wy
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 1a358b82b139:/home/wang.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
esuser  wang.java  wy
[root@localhost home]# touch yu.java
[root@localhost home]# ls
esuser  wang.java  wy  yu.java
[root@localhost home]# docker cp yu.java 1a358b82b139:/home
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it 1a358b82b139 /bin/bash
[root@1a358b82b139 /]# ls /home/
wang.java  yu.java