11、SpringBoot的Web开发(使用外置Servlet容器)

SpringBoot内置嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar。

  • 优点:简单、便携。

  • 缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat,应用war包的方式打包。

使用外置Servlet容器步骤

1、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)

2、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }
}

4、启动服务器就可以使用

原理

jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器。

war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

规则:

1、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例。

2、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名。

3、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类。

流程:

1、启动Tomcat

2、Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3、SpringServletContainerInitializer@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>,为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例。

4、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup。

5、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法。

6、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext,创建容器。

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
    SpringApplicationBuilder builder = this.createSpringApplicationBuilder();
    builder.main(this.getClass());
    ApplicationContext parent = this.getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
    if (parent != null) {
        this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
        servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, (Object)null);
        builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)});
    }

    builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)});
    builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext.class);
    //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
    builder = this.configure(builder);
    builder.listeners(new ApplicationListener[]{new SpringBootServletInitializer.WebEnvironmentPropertySourceInitializer(servletContext)});
    //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
    SpringApplication application = builder.build();
    if (application.getAllSources().isEmpty() && MergedAnnotations.from(this.getClass(), SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY).isPresent(Configuration.class)) {
        application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(this.getClass()));
    }

    Assert.state(!application.getAllSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
    if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
        application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class));
    }

    application.setRegisterShutdownHook(false);
    //启动Spring应用
    return this.run(application);
}

7、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
    this.configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();

    Collection exceptionReporters;
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
        this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
        Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
        context = this.createApplicationContext();
        exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
        this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
        //刷新IOC容器
        this.refreshContext(context);
        this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }

        listeners.started(context);
        this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    } catch (Throwable var10) {
        this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
        throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
    }

    try {
        listeners.running(context);
        return context;
    } catch (Throwable var9) {
        this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
        throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
    }
}

外置的Servlet容器在运行时:先启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用。

posted @ 2020-10-15 16:18  coydone  阅读(151)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报