python路径相关操作：os.path

Windows路径格式

import os
 
# 当前python文件位置：T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\test.py
 
# 给定的路径
path = r'D:\AAA\BBB\CCC\x.jpg'      # path = 'D:\\AAA\\BBB\\CCC\\x.jpg'
 
 
# 获取路径的目录部分
dir = os.path.dirname(path)
# 获取最后一个目录名
last_dir = os.path.basename(dir)
 
# 打印结果
print(dir)                                                  # D:\AAA\BBB\CCC
print(last_dir)                                             # CCC
 
print(os.path.basename(path))                               # x.jpg
 
print(os.path.splitext(path))                               # ('D:\\AAA\\BBB\\CCC\\x', '.jpg')
print(os.path.splitext(path)[0])                            # D:\AAA\BBB\CCC\x
print(os.path.splitext(path)[1])                            # .jpg
 
print(os.path.abspath(path))                                # D:\AAA\BBB\CCC\x.jpg
print(os.path.abspath(dir))                                 # D:\AAA\BBB\CCC
 
print(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(dir), 'y.txt'))          # D:\AAA\BBB\CCC\y.txt
 
print(os.path.splitdrive(path))                             # ('D:', '\\AAA\\BBB\\CCC\\x.jpg')
print(os.path.splitdrive(path)[0])                          # D:

Linux路径格式

绝对路径

import os
 
# 当前文件位置：T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\test.py
 
# 给定的路径
path = '/AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg'
 
 
# 获取路径的目录部分
dir = os.path.dirname(path)
# 获取最后一个目录名
last_dir = os.path.basename(dir)
 
# 打印结果
print(dir)                                                  # /AAA/BBB/CCC
print(last_dir)                                             # CCC
 
print(os.path.basename(path))                               # x.jpg
 
print(os.path.splitext(path))                               # ('/AAA/BBB/CCC/x', '.jpg')
print(os.path.splitext(path)[0])                            # /AAA/BBB/CCC/x
print(os.path.splitext(path)[1])                            # .jpg
 
print(os.path.abspath(path))                                # T:\AAA\BBB\CCC\x.jpg
print(os.path.abspath(dir))                                 # T:\AAA\BBB\CCC
 
print(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(dir), 'y.txt'))          # T:\AAA\BBB\CCC\y.txt
 
print(os.path.splitdrive(path))                             # ('', '/AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg')

当前目录相对路径

import os
 
# 当前文件位置：T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\test.py
 
# 给定的路径
path = './AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg'
 
 
# 获取路径的目录部分
dir = os.path.dirname(path)
# 获取最后一个目录名
last_dir = os.path.basename(dir)
 
# 打印结果
print(dir)                                                  # ./AAA/BBB/CCC
print(last_dir)                                             # CCC
 
print(os.path.basename(path))                               # x.jpg
 
print(os.path.splitext(path))                               # ('./AAA/BBB/CCC/x', '.jpg')
print(os.path.splitext(path)[0])                            # ./AAA/BBB/CCC/x
print(os.path.splitext(path)[1])                            # .jpg
 
print(os.path.abspath(path))                                # T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\AAA\BBB\CCC\x.jpg
print(os.path.abspath(dir))                                 # T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\AAA\BBB\CCC
 
print(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(dir), 'y.txt'))          # T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\AAA\BBB\CCC\y.txt
 
print(os.path.splitdrive(path))                             # ('', './AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg')

上层目录相对路径

import os
 
# 当前文件位置：T:\ProgrammingPractice\python_path\test.py
 
# 给定的路径
path = '../AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg'
 
 
# 获取路径的目录部分
dir = os.path.dirname(path)
# 获取最后一个目录名
last_dir = os.path.basename(dir)
 
# 打印结果
print(dir)                                                  # ../AAA/BBB/CCC
print(last_dir)                                             # CCC
 
print(os.path.basename(path))                               # x.jpg
 
print(os.path.splitext(path))                               # ('../AAA/BBB/CCC/x', '.jpg')
print(os.path.splitext(path)[0])                            # ../AAA/BBB/CCC/x
print(os.path.splitext(path)[1])                            # .jpg
 
print(os.path.abspath(path))                                # T:\ProgrammingPractice\AAA\BBB\CCC\x.jpg
print(os.path.abspath(dir))                                 # T:\ProgrammingPractice\AAA\BBB\CCC
 
print(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(dir), 'y.txt'))          # T:\ProgrammingPractice\AAA\BBB\CCC\y.txt
 
print(os.path.splitdrive(path))                             # ('', '../AAA/BBB/CCC/x.jpg')