基础语法-流程控制
if-else
let age = 4
if age >= 22 {
print("Get married")
} else if age >= 18 {
print("Being a adult")
} else if age >= 7 {
print("Go to school")
} else {
print("Just a child")
}
if后面的条件可以省略小括号
条件后的大括号不可以省略
if后面的条件只能是Bool类型
var num = 5
while num > 0 {
print("num is \(num)")
num -= 1
}//打印了5次
var num = -1
repeat {
print("num is \(num)")
} while num > 0//打印了一次
repeat-while相当于c语言中的do-while
这里不用num--，是因为从Swift开始，去除了自增（++），自减（--）运算符
for循环
闭区间运算符：a...b, a <= 取值 <= b
let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for i in 0...3 {
print(names[i])
}// Anna Alex Brian Jack
let rang = 1...3
for i in rang {
print(names[i])
}//Alex Brian Jack
let a = 1
let b = 2
for i in a...b {
print(names[i])
}//Alex Brian
for i in a...3 {
print(names[i])
}//Alex Brian Jack
for _ in 1...3 {
print("for")
}//打印了3次
i 默认是let， 有需要时可以声明为var
for var i in 1...3 {
i += 5
print(i)
}//6 7 8
半开区间运算符：a..<b, a <= 取值 < b
for i in 1..<5{
print(i)
}//1 2 3 4
for - 区间运算符用在数组上
let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for name in names[0...3] {
print(name)
}//Anna Alex Brian Jack
单侧区间：让区间炒一个方向尽可能的远
for name in names[2...]{
print(name)
}//Brian Jack
for name in names[...2]{
print(name)
}//Anna Alex Brian
for name in names[..<2] {
print(name)
}//Anna Alex
let range = ...5
range.contains(7) //false
range.contains(4) //true
range.contains(-3) //true
区间类型
let rang1: ClosedRange<Int> = 1...3
let rang2: Range<Int> = 1..<3
let rang3: PartialRangeThrough<Int> = ...5
字符，字符串也能使用区间运算符，但默认不能用在for-in中
let stringRange1 = "cc"..."ff"
stringRange1.contains("cb")//false
stringRange1.contains("dz")//true
stringRange1.contains("fg")//false
let stringRange2 = "a"..."f"
stringRange2.contains("d")//true
stringRange2.contains("h")//false
\0到~囊括了所有可能用到的ASCII字符
let characterRange: ClosedRange<Character> = "\0"..."~"
characterRange.contains("G")
带间隔的区间值
let hours = 11
let hourInterval = 2
//tickMark的取值：从4开始，累加2，不超过11
for tickMark in stride(from: 4, to: hours, by: hourInterval) {
print(tickMark)
}// 4 6 8 10
switch
case,default后面不能写大括号{}
默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿到后面的条件
var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
print("number is 1")
// break
case 2:
print("number is 2")
// break
default:
print("number is other")
// break
}//number is 1
可以使用fallthrough可以实现贯穿效果
var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
print("number is 1")
fallthrough
case 2:
print("number is 2")
default:
print("number is other")
}
number is 1
number is 2
switch注意点
switch必须保证能处理所有情况
var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
print("number is 1")
case 2:
print("number is 2")
default:
break
}
case, default后面至少要有一条语句
如果不想做任何事，加个break即可
如果能保证已处理所有情况，也可以不必使用default
enum Answer{case right, wrong}
let answer = Answer.right
switch answer {
case Answer.right:
print("right")
case Answer.wrong:
print("wrong")
}
由于已确定answer是Ansewer类型，因此可以省略Answer
switch answer {
case .right:
print("right")
case .wrong:
print("wrong")
}
复合条件
let string = "Jack"
switch string {
case "Jack":
fallthrough
case "Rose":
print("Right person")
default:
break
}
switch string {
case "Jack", "Rose":
print("Right person")
default:break
}//Right Person
let character: Character = "a"
switch character {
case "a", "A":
print("The letter A")
default:
print("Not the letter A")
}//The Letter A
let count = 62
switch count {
case 0:
print("none")
case 1..<5:
print("a few")
case 5..<12:
print("several")
case 12..<100:
print("dozens of")
case 100..<1000:
print("hundreds of")
default:
print("many")
}// dozens of
区间匹配，元组匹配
let point = (1, 1)
switch point {
case (0, 0):
print("the origin")
case (_, 0):
print("on the x-axis")
case (0, _):
print("on the y_axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
print("inside the box")
default:
print("outside of the box")
}//inside the box
可以使用下划线 _ 忽略某个值
关于case匹配问题，属于模式匹配（Pattern Matching）的范畴，后面会再次纤细展开讲解
值绑定
let point = (2, 0)
switch point {
case (let x, 0):
print("on the x-axis with an x value of \(x)")
case (0, let y):
print("on the y_axis with a y value of \(y)")
case let (x, y):
print("somewhere else at (\(x), \(y))")
}//on the x-axis with an x value of 2
必要时let也可以改为var
where
switch point{
case let (x, y) where x == y:
print("on the line x==y")
case let (x, y) where x == -y:
print("on the line x== -y")
case let (x, y):
print("(\(x), \(y) is just some arbitrary point)")
}
将所有正数加起来
var numbers = [10, 20, -10, -20, 30, -30]
var sum = 0
for num in numbers where num > 0 {//使用where来过滤num
sum += num
}
print(sum) //60
where只有过滤的作用，没有退出的作用，相当于continue
标签语句
outer: for i in 1...4 {
for k in 1...4 {
if k == 3 {
continue outer
}
if i == 3 {
break outer
}
print("i == \(i), k == \(k)")
}
}
i == 1, k == 1
i == 1, k == 2
i == 2, k == 1
i == 2, k == 2
