Ubuntu 18.04配置邮箱服务器(局域网)
一、安装
Ubuntu 18.04附带了systemd-resolve，需要禁用它，因为它绑定到53端口，与Dnsmasq端口冲突。
运行以下命令以禁用已解析的服务：
root@base:$ systemctl disable systemd-resolved
root@base:$ systemctl stop systemd-resolved
删除符号链接resolv.conf文件
root@base:$ ls -lh /etc/resolv.conf
53端口占用：
root@base:$ lsof -i:53 root@base:$ kill -9 pid
安装：
root@base:$ apt-get install dovecot-common dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d root@base:$ apt-get install postfix root@base:$ apt-get install dnsmasq
对应服务:
Postfix------Smtp（发送邮件）
Dovecot------POP3/IMAP（接收邮件）
Dnsmasq------nameserver（域名服务器）
二、配置hostname
root@base:$ vim /etc/hostname
更改为:
mail.coodyz.com
重启后生效:
root@base:$ reboot
三、配置dnsmasq
在hosts文件中增加 本地IP到域名映射
root@mail:$ vim /etc/hosts
192.168.254.128 mail.coodyz.com # `192.168.254.128`更改为Ubuntu本机局域网IP
启动服务：
root@mail:$ /etc/init.d/dnsmasq start
将服务器的DNS服务器指向Dnsmasq服务器：
root@mail:$ vim /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 127.0.0.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8
以上只是修改运行时文件，进行持久配置需编辑/etc/network/interfaces。
测试：
root@mail:$ dig A mail.coodyz.com ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.11-Ubuntu <<>> A mail.coodyz.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47993 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mail.coodyz.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: mail.coodyz.com. 0 IN A 192.168.254.128 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 20 16:42:17 CST 2019 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 60
四、配置postfix
root@mail:$ vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
参考配置：
home_mailbox = Maildir/ smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on compatibility_level = 2 # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination myhostname = mail.coodyz.com mydomain = coodyz.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = $mydomain mydestination = $myhostname, coodyz.com, mail.coodyz.com, localhost.coodyz.com, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
启动服务:
root@mail:$ /etc/init.d/postfix start
五、配置dovecot
编辑Dovecot主配置文件：
root@mail:# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
取消注释并配置
listen = * protocols = pop3 imap mail_location = maildir:/home/%u/Maildir pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv disable_plaintext_auth = no
指定电子邮件客户端向Dovecot进行身份验证的方式:
root@mail:# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf auth_mechanisms = plain login
指定用于存储电子邮件的文件夹:
root@mail:# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf mail_location = maildir:/home/%u/Maildir
编辑Postfix SMTP身份验证配置文件：
root@mail:$ vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
注释文件中的以下几行
#unix_listener auth-userdb { #mode = 0600 #user = #group = #}
并确保未注释以下内容：
# Postfix smtp-auth unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0666 user = postfix group = postfix }
编辑POP3配置文件，并允许一些较旧的电子邮件客户端正确连接和传输：:
root@mail:$ vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-pop3.conf pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh
为了使Dovecot服务与Postfix服务一起使用，我们需要在Postfix配置文件中添加以下几行：
root@mail:$ vim /etc/postfix/main.cf smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
重启服务:
root@mail:$ /etc/init.d/postfix restart
root@mail:$ /etc/init.d/dovecot restart
测试服务功能:
root@mail:$ telnet localhost 143 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=LOGIN] Dovecot (Ubuntu) ready. root@mail:$ telnet localhost 110
服务器启动时自启：
root@mail:$ update-rc.d dovecot defaults
建立邮箱账户:
root@mail:$ adduser ted Enter new UNIX password: ted Retype new UNIX password: ted passwd: password updated successfully Changing the user information for test Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default Full Name []: Room Number []: Work Phone []: Home Phone []: Other []: Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y
重启服务：
root@mail:$ /etc/init.d/dovecot restart
六、使用测试
注意：请确保两者在同一网段
邮件服务器IP 192.168.254.128
Windows XP 客户端IP 192.168.254.130
使用outlook测试：
工具->账户->添加
在Ubuntu端查看：
ted@mail:~$ cd ~/Maildir/new/ ted@mail:~/Maildir/new$ ls 1576825940.V801I10053cM500622.mail.coodyz.com 1576826245.V801I100544M69814.mail.coodyz.com 1576826459.V801I10054bM4159.mail.coodyz.com 1576833962.V801I10055bM300307.mail.coodyz.com ted@mail:~/Maildir/new$ vim 1576833962.V801I10055bM300307.mail.coodyz.com
参考链接：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141392.htm
https://computingforgeeks.com/install-and-configure-dnsmasq-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts/
