iOS开发-文件管理
一、iOS中的沙盒机制
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iOS应用程序只能对自己创建的文件系统读取文件,这个独立、封闭、安全的空间,叫做沙盒。它一般存放着程序包文件(可执行文件)、图片、音频、视频、plist文件、sqlite数据库以及其他文件。
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每个应用程序都有自己的独立的存储空间(沙盒)
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一般来说应用程序之间是不可以互相访问
模拟器沙盒的位置
/User/userName/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator
当我们创建应用程序时,在每个沙盒中含有三个文件,分别是Document、Library和temp。
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Document:一般需要持久的数据都放在此目录中,可以在当中添加子文件夹,iTunes备份和恢复的时候,会包括此目录。
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Library:设置程序的默认设置和其他状态信息
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temp:创建临时文件的目录,当iOS设备重启时,文件会被自动清除
获取沙盒目录
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获取程序的根目录(home)目录
NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory()
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获取Document目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathDorDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDicrectory,, NSUserDomainMark, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
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获取Library目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
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获取Library中的Cache
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
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获取temp路径
NSString *temp = NSTemporaryDirectory( );
二、NSString类路径的处理方法
文件路径的处理
NSString *path = @"/Uesrs/apple/testfile.txt"
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常用方法如下
获得组成此路径的各个组成部分,结果:("/","User","apple","testfile.txt")
- (NSArray *)pathComponents;
提取路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:testfile.txt
- (NSString *)lastPathComponent;
删除路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:/Users/apple
- (NSString *)stringByDeletingLastPathCpmponent;
将path添加到先邮路径的末尾,结果:/Users/apple/testfile.txt/app.txt
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathConmponent:(NSString *)str;
去路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:text
- (NSString *)pathExtension;
删除路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:/Users/apple/testfile
- (NSString *)stringByDeletingPathExtension;
路径最后部分追加扩展名,结果:/User/apple/testfile.txt.jpg
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathExtension:(NSString *)str;
三、NSData
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NSData是用来包装数据的
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NSData存储的是二进制数据,屏蔽了数据之间的差异,文本、音频、图像等数据都可用NSData来存储
NSData的用法
1.NSString与NSData互相转换
NSData-> NSString NSString *aString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:adataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString->NSData NSString *aString = @"1234abcd";
NSData *aData = [aString dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
将data类型的数据,转成UTF8的数据
+(NSString *)dataToUTF8String:(NSData *)data
{
NSString *buf = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return [buf autorelease];
}
将string转换为指定编码
+(NSString *)changeDataToEncodinString:(NSData *)data encodin:(NSStringEncoding )encodin{
NSString *buf = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:encodin] autorelease];
return buf;
}
2. NSData 与 UIImage
NSData->UIImage
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
//例:从本地文件沙盒中取图片并转换为NSData
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ceshi.png"];
NSString *finalPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: finalPath];
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
3.NSData与NSArray NSDictionary
+(NSString *)getLocalFilePath:(NSString *) fileName
{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@%@", NSHomeDirectory(),@“Documents”,fileName];
}
包括将NSData写进Documents目录
从Documents目录读取数据
在进行网络数据通信的时候,经常会遇到NSData类型的数据。在该数据是dictionary结构的情况下,系统没有提供现成的转换成NSDictionary的方法,为此可以通过Category对NSDictionary进行扩展,以支持从NSData到NSDictionary的转换。声明和实现如下:
+ (NSDictionary *)dictionaryWithContentsOfData:(NSData *)data {
CFPropertyListRef list = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFDataRef)data, kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL);
if(list == nil) return nil;
if ([(id)list isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
return [(NSDictionary *)list autorelease];
}
else {
CFRelease(list);
return nil;
}
}
四、文件管理常用方法
NSFileManager
创建一个文件并写入数据
- (BOOL)createFileAtPath:(NSString *)path contents:(NSData *)data attributes:(NSDictionary *)attr;
从一个文件中读取数据
- (NSData *)contentsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
scrPath路径上的文件移动到dstPath路径上,注意这里的路径是文件路径而不是目录
- (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
scrPath路径上的文件复制到dstPath路径上
- (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)scrPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
比较两个文件的内容是否一样
- (BOOL)contentsEqualAtPath:(NSString *)path1 andPath:(NSString *)path2;
文件时候存在
- (BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
移除文件
- (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **) error;
创建文件管理
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSString *text = @"abcdefg";
将字符串转成NSData类型
NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
写入文件
BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:path contents:data attributes:nil];
创建文件夹
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSString *contect = @"abcdefg";
BOOL success = [fm createFileAtPath:filePath contents:[content dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];
NSFileManager-读取内容
NSData *fileData = [fileManager contentsAtPath:filePath];
NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:fileData dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSData-读取内容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentOfFile:filePath];
NSString-读取内容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSString *content = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
移动、复制文件
移动文件(重命名)
NSString *toPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"hellogod/New Testament.txt"];
[fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
NSError *error;
BOOL isSuccess = [fm moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:toPath error:&error];
复制文件(重命名)
NSString *copyPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"备份/Old Testament.txt"];
[fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
BOOL success = [fm copyItemAtPath:toPath toPath:toPath error:nil];
删除文件、获取文件大小
判断文件是否存在和删除文件
if([fm fileExistsAtPath])
{
if ([fm removeItemAtPath:copyPath])
{
NSLog(@"remove success");
}
}
获取文件大小
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
获得文件的属性字典
NSDictionary *attrDic = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtpath:sourcePath error:nil];
NSNumber *fileSize = [attrDic objectForKey:NSFileSize];
获取目录文件信息
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *enuPath = [NSHomeDirectoty( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Test"];
NSDictionaryEnumerator *dirEnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath:enuPath];
NSString *path = nil;
while ((path = [dirEnum nextObject]} != nil)
{
NSLog(@"%@",path);
}
五、Plist文件
String方式添加
NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Array.plist"];
NSString *content = @"abcd";
[contect writeToFile:path atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
Array方式添加
NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Array.plist"];
[NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"123", @"798",@"000",nil];
[array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
Dictionary方式添加
NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Dic.plist"];
NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:@"first",@"second",@"third"forKeys:@"123",@"456",@"798"];
[dic writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
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数组、字典只能将BOOL、NSNumber、NSString、NSData、NSDate、NSArray、NSDictionary写入属性列表plist文件
六、读取文件类和常用方法
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NSFileHandle类主要对文件内容进行读取和写入操作
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NSFileManager类主要对文件的操作(删除、修改、移动、复制等等)
常用处理方法
+ (id)fileHandleForReadingAtPath:(NSString *)path 打开一个文件准备读取
+ (id)fileHandleForWritingAtPath:(NSString *)path 打开一个文件准备写入
+ (id)fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:(NSString *)path 打开一个文件准备更新
- (NSData *)availableData; 从设备或通道返回可用的数据
- (NSData *)readDataToEndOfFile; 从当前的节点读取到文件的末尾
- (NSData *)readDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)length; 从当前节点开始读取指定的长度数据
- (void)writeData:(NSData *)data; 写入数据
- (unsigned long long)offsetInFile; 获取当前文件的偏移量
- (void)seekToFileOffset:(unsigned long long)offset; 跳到指定文件的偏移量
- (unsigned long long)seekToEndOfFile; 跳到文件末尾
- (void)truncateFileAtOffset:(unsigned long long)offset; 将文件的长度设为offset字节
- (void)closeFile; 关闭文件
向文件追加数据
NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory( );
NSString *sourcePath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathConmpone:@"testfile.text"];
NSFileHandle *fielHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:sourcePath];
[fileHandle seekToEndOfFile]; 将节点跳到文件的末尾
NSString *str = @"追加的数据"
NSData* stringData = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
[fileHandle writeData:stringData]; 追加写入数据
[fileHandle closeFile];
定位数据
NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *content = @"abcdef";
[fm createFileAtPath:path contents:[content dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];
NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:path];
NSUInteger length = [fileHandle availabelData] length]; 获取数据长度
[fileHandle seekToFileOffset;length/2]; 偏移量文件的一半
NSData *data = [fileHandle readDataToEndOfFile];
[fileHandle closeFile];
复制文件
NSFileHandle *infile, *outfile; 输入文件、输出文件
NSData *buffer; 读取的缓冲数据
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory( );
NSString *sourcePath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"testfile.txt"]; 源文件路径
NSString *outPath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"outfile.txt"]; 输出文件路径
BOOL sucess = [fileManager createFileAtPath:outPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
if (!success)
{
return N0;
}
infile = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:sourcePath]; 创建读取源路径文件
if (infile == nil)
{
return NO;
}
outfile = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:outPath]; 创建病打开要输出的文件
if (outfile == nil)
{
return NO;
}
[outfile truncateFileAtOffset:0]; 将输出文件的长度设为0
buffer = [infile readDataToEndOfFile]; 读取数据
[outfile writeData:buffer]; 写入输入
[infile closeFile]; 关闭写入、输入文件
[outfile closeFile];