Android Basic- URI&MIME
<scheme name> : <hierarchical part> [ ? <query> ] [ # <fragment> ]
The hierarchical part of the URI is intended to hold identification information hierarchical in nature. If this part begins with a double forward slash ("//"), it is followed by an authority part and a path. If the hierarchical path doesn't begin with ("//") it contains only a path.
- The authority part holds an optional user-information part, terminated with "@" (e.g.
username:password@
); a hostname (e.g., domain name or IP address); and an optional port number, preceded by a colon ":". - The path part, if present, must begin with a forward slash ("/"). The path is a sequence of segments (conceptually similar to directories, though not necessarily representing them) separated by a forward slash ("/"). Historically, each segment was specified to contain parameters separated from it using a semicolon (";"), though this was rarely used in practice and current specifications allow but no longer specify such semantics.
The query is an optional part, separated by a question mark ("?"), that contains additional identification information that is not hierarchical in nature. The query string syntax is not generically defined, but it is commonly organized as a sequence of <key>=<value>
pairs, with the pairs separated by a semicolon[1][2][3] or an ampersand. For example:
Semicolon:key1=value1;key2=value2;key3=value3
Ampersand:key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3
The fragment is an optional part separated from the front parts by a hash ("#"). It holds additional identifying information that provides direction to a secondary resource, e.g., a section heading (in an article) identified by the remainder of the URI. When the primary resource is an HTML document, the fragment is often an id
attribute of a specific element and web browsers will make sure this element is visible.
[edit] Examples
The following figure displays two example URIs (foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose
and urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
) and their component parts. (The examples are derived from RFC 3986 — STD 66, chapter 3).
foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose \_/ \_______________/ \_________/ \__/ \___/ \_/ \______________________/ \__/ | | | | | | | | | userinfo hostname port | | query fragment | \________________________________/\_____________|____|/ \__/ \__/ | | | | | | | scheme authority path | | interpretable as keys name \_______________________________________________|____|/ \____/ \_____/ | | | | | | | hierarchical part | | interpretable as values | | | | path interpretable as filename | | ___________|____________ | / \ / \ | urn:example:animal:ferret:nose interpretable as extension path _________|________ scheme / \ name userinfo hostname query _|__ ___|__ ____|____ _____|_____ / \ / \ / \ / \ mailto:username@example.com?subject=Topic
content:// 表明Android必须从ContentProvider中挑出一个来处理这个URI。
Android ContentProvider的Uri由以下三部分组成:
content://
一个标准的URI前缀,它用来指示Android必须从ContentProvider中挑出一个来处理这个URI。
authority
一个唯一的标识符,标示这个URI需要查找的ContentProvider是由哪个组织开发的,一般用跟java包命名规范相似的方式来署名这个 开发组织。如果是Android内置的provider,则这个authority可以省略掉,否则authority是必须的,Google建议使用用 户自定义的继承ContentProvider的类的全名来作为,这个ContentProvider所要处理的URI的authority
path(路径)
ContentProvider根据这个路径信息来判断要返回什么类型的数据,所以这个后缀路径可以自由定义,但是有一些条件限制:
如果一个ContentProvider能查询返回很多种不同类型的数据,URI后缀要设置不同类型的数据所对应不同的URI后缀如内置的Contact ContentProvider就是用来处理名片夹,它可以返回很多种类型的数据:联系人、电话、联系方式等。所以对应这些不同类型的数据就有不同的URI后缀匹配:
content://contacts/people/1
上面是返回一个人员
content://contacts/people/1/phone/3
返回一个电话号码。
而且我们要为不同的数据类型设置不同的MIME类型,第一个MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.item/person第二个MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.item/phone。
同时ContentProvider不仅可以返回单条数据,也可能以目录的形式返回多条数据。以上面2个URI来说,后缀的结尾都是数字,这表示查询对应某条记录,所以返回的数据是单条的,而如果是查询目录的形式就要去掉后面的数字如:
content://contacts/people/1/phone
content://contacts/people
上面就是目录形式,对应他们的MIME类型也不同,所以我们将单条的MIME类型中的item改为dir,所以MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.dir/phone和vnd.android.cursor.dir/person。
A: 标准前缀,表达的意思是使用ContentProvider来处理信息。
B: authority
C: 后缀1,一般用来表示请求需要获取的是哪种类型的数据(确定MIME类型的功能)。
D:定位记录。确定对应类型的数据中的哪条记录。
举些例子,如:所有联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people
某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5
所有图片Uri: content://media/external
某个图片的Uri:content://media/external/images/media/4